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Shloka 2

बलीन्द्रसंवादः — Kāla, Anityatā, and the Limits of Agency

Mahābhārata 12.217

व्यक्तं मृत्युमुखं विद्यादव्यक्तममृतं पदम्‌ | प्रवृत्तिलक्षणं धर्ममृषि्नारायणो<ब्रवीत्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | vyaktaṁ mṛtyumukhaṁ vidyād avyaktam amṛtaṁ padam | pravṛttilakṣaṇaṁ dharmam ṛṣir nārāyaṇo 'bravīt ||

ဘီရှ္မက ပြော၏—ထင်ရှားသောအရာကို သေမင်း၏ပါးစပ်ဟု သိမှတ်ရမည်၊ မထင်ရှားသောအရာကို မသေမပျက်သော အမရအဆင့်ဟု သိမှတ်ရမည်။ ရသီ နာရာယဏက လုပ်ဆောင်မှု၌ ပါဝင်ခြင်း (pravṛtti) လက္ခဏာရှိသော ဓမ္မကို ကြေညာခဲ့၏။ ထိုဓမ္မပေါ်တွင် လှုပ်ရှားသည့်အရာနှင့် မလှုပ်ရှားသည့်အရာ အားလုံးပါဝင်သော သုံးလောကလုံး တည်ထောင်ထားသည်။

व्यक्तम्the manifest (principle)
व्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मृत्युमुखम्the mouth of death (death’s grasp)
मृत्युमुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु-मुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विद्यात्should know / should understand
विद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अव्यक्तम्the unmanifest (principle)
अव्यक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअव्यक्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अमृतम्immortal / deathless
अमृतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअमृत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पदम्state, abode, position
पदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपद
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणम्having the mark of activity (pravṛtti)
प्रवृत्तिलक्षणम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रवृत्ति-लक्षण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, law, duty
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ऋषिःthe sage
ऋषिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नारायणःNārāyaṇa
नारायणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (Lan), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
Nārāyaṇa
M
mṛtyu (Death)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the manifest realm (vyakta)—subject to change and death—with the unmanifest (avyakta) as the deathless goal. It also affirms that the world-order is upheld by pravṛtti-dharma, the dharma of engaged action taught by the sage Nārāyaṇa.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and higher principles. Here he cites Nārāyaṇa’s teaching to frame a metaphysical backdrop: worldly life operates through action-oriented dharma, while liberation points toward the unmanifest, deathless reality.