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Shloka 78

Vyāghra–Gomāyu Saṃvāda (व्याघ्रगोमायु संवाद) — Testing Character Beneath Appearances

परिक्षीणाश्न लुब्धाश्न क्रुद्धा भीता: प्रतारिता: । हृतस्वा मानिनो ये च त्यक्तादाना महेप्सव:

parikṣīṇāś ca lubdhāś ca kruddhā bhītāḥ pratāritāḥ | hṛtasvā mānino ye ca tyaktadānā mahepsavaḥ ||

ဘီရှ္မက မိန့်တော်မူသည်—အားနည်းပင်ပန်း၍ လောဘကြီး၊ ဒေါသထွက်၊ ကြောက်ရွံ့၊ လှည့်ဖြားခံရသူများ; အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းအကုန်လုံးကို လုယူခံရသူများ; ဂုဏ်မာန်ကြီးသူများ; ထိုက်တန်သော ဆုလာဘ်ကို မရဘဲ ပယ်ခံရသူများ; မြင့်မားသောရာထူးကို တောင့်တသူများ—ဤသို့သောသူတို့ကို အမှုထမ်းအဖြစ် ဆက်ထားလျှင် ရန်သူ၏ လက်နက်ကိရိယာ ဖြစ်လာတတ်သည်။ သတိပေးချက်မှာ—အုပ်ချုပ်သူသည် မိမိအပေါ်မူတည်သူတို့အတွင်းရှိ မကျေနပ်မှုနှင့် မပြည့်မီသော မဟာမိတ်ဆန္ဒကို ခွဲခြားမြင်ရမည်; အကြောင်းမူကား ထိုအရာတို့သည် သစ္စာဖောက်မှုနှင့် နိုင်ငံရေးပျက်စီးမှု၏ မျိုးစေ့များ ဖြစ်လာတတ်သည်။

परिक्षीणाःexhausted, depleted
परिक्षीणाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि-क्षीण (क्षी धातु से क्त/क्तवतु-आधारित विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्नाःthose who eat / eaters (contextually: living on food/allowance)
अश्नाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्न (प्रातिपदिक; अर्थ: भोजन/आहार)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लुब्धाःgreedy
लुब्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootलुब्ध (लुभ् धातु से क्त-आधारित विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अश्नाःeaters / those who subsist (repeated)
अश्नाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्न (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
क्रुद्धाःangry
क्रुद्धाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुद्ध (क्रुध् धातु से क्त-आधारित विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भीताःafraid
भीताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत (भी धातु से क्त-आधारित विशेषण)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
प्रचारिताःmisled / driven about / deceived
प्रचारिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-चारित (चर्/चारय् धातु से णिच्-प्रेरण + क्त; अर्थ: चलाया/उकसाया/भ्रमित किया गया)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हृतस्वाःwhose own (wealth) has been taken away
हृतस्वाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहृत-स्व (हृ धातु से क्त + स्व ‘own/property’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मानिनःproud, self-respecting
मानिनः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमानिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
त्यक्तादानाःwho have abandoned taking/accepting (gifts/dues); who refuse to accept
त्यक्तादानाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्यक्त-आदान (त्यज् धातु से क्त + आदान ‘taking/receiving’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महेप्सवःdesirous of great (things/positions)
महेप्सवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्-ईप्सु (महत् ‘great’ + ईप्सु ‘desirous of’)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

A king should be vigilant about retainers whose inner state is marked by deprivation, humiliation, fear, anger, greed, deception, or frustrated ambition; such conditions often turn a dependent into a conduit for hostile forces. Sound governance requires not only rewarding merit but also preventing the buildup of resentment that leads to betrayal.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on raja-dharma, Bhishma advises Yudhishthira about political dangers within one’s own establishment. This verse lists categories of discontented or destabilized servants and warns that they commonly end up serving an enemy’s interests.