Shloka 2

Daiva–Puruṣakāra Saṃvāda

Kṛpa’s Counsel on Destiny and Human Effort

Devanagari script

आबद्धा मानुषा: सर्वे निबद्धा: कर्मणोर्द्दयो: । दैवे पुरुषकारे च परं ताभ्यां न विद्यते

Transliteration

ābaddhā mānuṣāḥ sarve nibaddhāḥ karmaṇor dvayoḥ | daive puruṣakāre ca paraṃ tābhyāṃ na vidyate ||

Translation

ကೃပက ပြောသည်– «လူသားအားလုံးသည် လုပ်ရပ်၏ အကြောင်းတရား နှစ်မျိုးကြောင့် တင်းတင်းကျပ်ကျပ် ချည်နှောင်ခံထားရသည်။ တစ်ခုမှာ ဒိုင်ဝ (ကံကြမ္မာ/သတ်မှတ်ထားသောအရာ)၊ တစ်ခုမှာ ပုရုသကာရ (ကိုယ်တိုင်ကြိုးပမ်းအားထုတ်မှု) ဖြစ်သည်။ ဤနှစ်ခုအပြင် တတိယအကြောင်းတရား မရှိ»။

Word by Word

• आबद्धाः: bound, fastened
• आबद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आबद्ध (√बन्ध्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• मानुषाः: humans, men
• मानुषाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• निबद्धाः: tied, bound
• निबद्धाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: निबद्ध (√बन्ध्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• कर्मणोः: of (the two) actions/causes
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Genitive, Dual

• द्वयोः: of the two
• Type: Numeral/Adjective
• Root: द्वि
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Dual

• दैवे: in fate; in what is divine/ordained
• दैवे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: दैव
• Form: Neuter, Locative, Singular

• पुरुषकारे: in human effort
• पुरुषकारे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुषकार
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• परम्: something beyond; higher (thing)
• परम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ताभ्याम्: than those two; from those two
• ताभ्याम्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Neuter, Ablative/Instrumental, Dual

• न: not
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न

• विद्यते: exists; is found
• Type: Verb
• Root: √विद् (विद्/विद्य्) + आत्मनेपद (लट्)
• Form: Present (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

Speaker

कृप उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Kṛpa

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Human life and outcomes are governed by two interlinked factors—daiva (destiny, the given conditions shaped by prior causes) and puruṣakāra (personal effort, deliberate choice). The verse denies a separate third principle, urging a balanced view that neither excuses everything as fate nor imagines effort alone is absolute.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Sauptika Parva’s tense aftermath of war, Kṛpa speaks in counsel, framing events through the lens of destiny and human agency. His statement functions as a moral-philosophical grounding for how to interpret actions and consequences amid violent, irreversible decisions.