Shloka 31

भीष्मविक्रमदर्शनं तथा क्रौञ्चारुणव्यूहविधानम् | Bhīṣma’s Ascendancy and the Organization of the Krauñcāruṇa Formation

Devanagari script

यया धर्ममधर्म च कार्य चाकार्यमेव च । अयथावत्‌ प्रजानाति बुद्धि: सा पार्थ राजसी

Transliteration

yayā dharmam adharmaṁ ca kāryaṁ cākāryam eva ca | ayathāvat prajānāti buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ||

Translation

အာర్జုနက ပြောသည်။ ပಾರ್ಥာ၊ ဓမ္မ (dharma) နှင့် အဓမ္မ (adharma) ကိုလည်းကောင်း၊ လုပ်သင့်သည်နှင့် မလုပ်သင့်သည်ကိုလည်းကောင်း မှန်ကန်စွာ မခွဲခြားသိမြင်နိုင်သော ဉာဏ် (buddhi) သည် ရာဇသ (rājasa) ဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• यया: by which
• यया: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• धर्मम्: dharma, right conduct
• धर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• अधर्मम्: adharma, wrong conduct
• अधर्मम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधर्म
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कार्यं: what ought to be done, duty
• कार्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: कार्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अकार्यं: what ought not to be done, forbidden act
• अकार्यं: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अकार्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• एव: indeed, just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अयथावत्: not correctly, improperly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अयथावत्

• प्रजानाति: knows, understands
• Type: Verb
• Root: ज्ञा
• Form: Present, Indicative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• बुद्धिः: intellect, understanding
• बुद्धिः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: बुद्धि
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• सा: that
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

• पार्थ: O Partha (Arjuna)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• राजसी: rajasic (of rajas)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: राजसिन्
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna (Pārtha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A rajasic intellect is marked by confused moral discernment: it misjudges dharma vs. adharma and duty vs. forbidden action, leading to ethically unreliable decisions driven by passion, bias, or self-interest.

What is happening in the narrative?

Within the Bhīṣma Parva’s battlefield instruction context, the discourse classifies types of intellect by the three guṇas; this verse defines the rajasic type as one that cannot correctly distinguish right from wrong and what should or should not be done.