Mahabharata 6.39.11 — Bhishma Parva, Adhyaya 39, Shloka 11

Śraddhā–Guṇa–Vibhāga Yoga (Faith and the Three Guṇas) — Mahābhārata Book 6, Chapter 39

Devanagari script

अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वं तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्‌ । एतऊउज्ञानमिति प्रोक्तमज्ञानं यदतोडन्यथा

Transliteration

adhyātma-jñāna-nityatvaṁ tattva-jñānārtha-darśanam | etaj jñānam iti proktam ajñānaṁ yad ato 'nyathā ||

Translation

အာర్జုနက ပြောသည်– “အဓျာတ္မ-ဉာဏ်၌ အမြဲတည်ကြည်နေခြင်းနှင့် တတ္တဝ-ဉာဏ်၏ အဓိပ္ပါယ်နှင့် ရည်မှန်းချက်အဖြစ် အမြင့်ဆုံး သတ္တဝါတရား (ပရမတ္ထ) ကို မြင်သိနိုင်သော ဒർശန။ ဤသည်ကို ‘ဉာဏ်’ ဟု ကြေညာထားသည်။ ဤအရာနှင့် ဆန့်ကျင်သမျှကို ‘အဉာဏ်’ ဟု ခေါ်သည်။”

Word by Word

• अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वम्: constancy (nityatva) of knowledge of the Self/spirit
• अध्यात्मज्ञाननित्यत्वम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अध्यात्म-ज्ञान-नित्यत्व
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्: seeing/realization of the meaning/object of knowledge of truth
• तत्त्वज्ञानार्थदर्शनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत्त्व-ज्ञान-अर्थ-दर्शन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• ज्ञानम्: knowledge
• ज्ञानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: ज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• इति: thus (quotative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• प्रोक्तम्: is said/has been declared
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-वच्
• Form: क्त, Passive (past participle), Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अज्ञानम्: ignorance
• अज्ञानम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अज्ञान
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• यत्: which (that which)
• यत्: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: यद्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• अतः: from this; than this; hence
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अतः

• अन्यथा: otherwise; contrary
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अन्यथा

Speaker

अजुन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Arjuna

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

True knowledge is defined as steady commitment to spiritual (inner) understanding and the insight that recognizes the Supreme Reality as the ultimate meaning and aim of all true knowing; anything opposed to this orientation is ignorance.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Bhishma Parva’s battlefield discourse, Arjuna articulates a definition of ‘knowledge’ versus ‘ignorance’, emphasizing inner spiritual steadiness and direct insight into ultimate reality amid the moral crisis of war.