Shloka 1

Arjuna’s Surrender and Kṛṣṇa’s Instruction on the Imperishable Self, Svadharma, and Karma-Yoga

Bhīṣma-parva 24.0

Devanagari script

ऑपन--माजल बछ। अफि<-छऋाल चतुर्विशो$ध्याय: सैनिकोंके हर्ष और उत्साहके विषयमें धृतराष्ट्र और संजयका संवाद धृतराष्ट उवाच केषां प्रह्ृष्टास्तत्राग्रे योधा युध्यन्ति संजय । उदग्रमनस: के वा के वा दीना विचेतस:

Transliteration

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | keṣāṁ prahṛṣṭās tatrāgre yodhā yudhyanti sañjaya | udagramanasaḥ ke vā ke vā dīnā vicetasaḥ ||

Translation

ဓြတရာഷ്ടရက ပြောသည်– «သဉ္ဇယ၊ အဲဒီအခိုက်အတန့်မှာ ဘယ်ဘက်ရဲ့ စစ်သည်တွေက ဝမ်းမြောက်အားတက်လျက် အရင်ဆုံး တိုက်ပွဲထဲ ဝင်သွားကြသနည်း။ ဘယ်သူတို့ရဲ့ စိတ်က အားမာန်ပြည့်ဝ မြင့်တက်နေသနည်း၊ အခြားဘက်မှာတော့ ဘယ်သူတွေက စိတ်ညစ်ငြီး၍ မသိမသာ မူးဝေသွားကြသနည်း»

Word by Word

• धृतराष्ट्रः: Dhritarashtra
• धृतराष्ट्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृतराष्ट्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• केषाम्: of whom / of which side
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• प्रहृष्टाः: exceedingly delighted
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रहृष्ट
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• तत्र: there
• तत्र: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तत्र

• अग्रे: in front / at first
• अग्रे: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अग्र

• योधाः: warriors
• योधाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: योध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• युध्यन्ति: fight
• Type: Verb
• Root: युध्
• Form: Present, Indicative, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• संजय: O Sanjaya
• संजय: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: संजय
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• उदग्रमनसः: having uplifted/excited minds
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदग्रमनस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• के: who
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• के: who
• के: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• वा: or
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा

• दीनाः: dejected
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• विचेतसः: bewildered / lacking presence of mind
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विचेतस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

धृतराष्ट उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Sañjaya

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how inner states—exultation, resolve, dejection, and confusion—shape action in conflict. It implicitly invites ethical reflection: victory and righteousness are not only matters of force but also of clarity, courage, and steadiness of mind.

What is happening in the narrative?

At the outset of battle, Dhṛtarāṣṭra questions Sañjaya about the morale of the opposing armies—who surged forward joyfully to fight and who became dispirited or mentally unsettled.