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Shloka 44

Adhyāya 90: Babhruvāhana’s Reception and the Commencement of Yudhiṣṭhira’s Aśvamedha

आत्मानुमानतो विद्वान्‌ स तु विप्रर्षभस्तदा । जानन वृद्धां क्षुधार्ता च श्रान्तां ग्लानां तपस्विनीम्‌

ātmānumānato vidvān sa tu viprarṣabhas tadā | jānan vṛddhāṃ kṣudhārtāṃ ca śrāntāṃ glānāṃ tapasvinīm ||

နကူလာက ပြောသည်– «ပညာရှိထိုသူသည် ဗြာဟ္မဏတို့အနက် နွားထီးကဲ့သို့ ထူးချွန်သူဖြစ်၍ မိမိအတွေ့အကြုံကို အခြေခံကာ ထိုအခါ တပသ္စဝင် မိန်းမကို သိမြင်လေ၏—အသက်ကြီးရင့်၍ ဆာလောင်မှုကြောင့် ပင်ပန်းနွမ်းနယ်ကာ အားနည်းမောဟိုက်နေသူ။ သူမ၏အခြေအနေကို မြင်သဖြင့် သူမ၏ဒုက္ခကို နားလည်ကာ ကရုဏာနှင့် သင့်လျော်သော တာဝန်ဖြင့် တုံ့ပြန်ရမည့် ဓမ္မ၏ အရေးတကြီးမှုကို သိမြင်လေ၏»။

आत्मानुमानतःby self-inference / from inference about himself
आत्मानुमानतः:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootआत्मानुमान
FormAvyaya (ablative sense: -तः)
विद्वान्the wise man
विद्वान्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
FormAvyaya
विप्रर्षभःthe best of Brahmins
विप्रर्षभः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविप्रर्षभ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
FormAvyaya
जानन्knowing/recognizing
जानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), masculine nominative singular
वृद्धाम्aged/old
वृद्धाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवृद्धा
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
क्षुधाwith hunger
क्षुधा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुध्
FormFeminine, instrumental, singular
आर्ताम्distressed/afflicted
आर्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआर्ता
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya
श्रान्ताम्weary
श्रान्ताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रान्ता
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
ग्लानाम्exhausted/feeble
ग्लानाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootग्लाना
FormFeminine, accusative, singular
तपस्विनीम्the ascetic woman
तपस्विनीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विनी
FormFeminine, accusative, singular

नकुल उवाच

N
Nakula
V
viprarṣabha (a distinguished brāhmaṇa, unnamed)
T
tapasvinī (an aged female ascetic, unnamed)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights ethical empathy: a truly wise person infers another’s suffering by reflecting on one’s own experience (ātmānumānataḥ) and recognizes the dharmic need to respond compassionately—especially toward vulnerable ascetics.

Nakula describes a learned brāhmaṇa who, upon seeing an aged female ascetic weakened by hunger and fatigue, recognizes her distressed state. The scene sets up a dharma-driven response—care, aid, or hospitality—toward the tapasvinī.