Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 57

Vānaprastha-dharma and Tapas: Śiva–Umā Saṃvāda

Forest-Stage Discipline and Austerity

Devanagari script

ततः पापात्‌ प्रमुक्तस्य द्युतिर्भवति शाश्वती । तेजसा सूर्यवद्‌ दीप्तो भ्राजते सोमवत्‌ पुन:

Transliteration

tataḥ pāpāt pramuktasya dyutir bhavati śāśvatī | tejasā sūryavad dīpto bhrājate somavat punaḥ ||

Translation

သက္ကရာ မိန့်တော်မူသည်— «ထို့နောက် အပြစ်မှ လွတ်မြောက်သူ၌ ထာဝရတောက်ပမှု ပေါ်ပေါက်လာသည်။ မိမိ၏ တေဇောဖြင့် နေမင်းကဲ့သို့ တောက်လောင်၍ လကဲ့သို့လည်း ပြန်လည် ထွန်းလင်းတောက်ပသည်»။

Word by Word

• ततः: then/thereupon
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

• पापात्: from sin
• पापात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, ablative, singular

• प्रमुक्तस्य: of (one who is) freed/released
• प्रमुक्तस्य: Sambandha
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्र-मुच् (धातु) → प्रमुक्त (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, singular

• द्युतिḥ: splendour, radiance
• द्युतिḥ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्युति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• भवति: becomes/arises
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: present tense (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, parasmaipada

• शाश्वती: eternal, perpetual
• शाश्वती: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शाश्वत (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: feminine, nominative, singular

• तेजसा: by/with (his) brilliance
• तेजसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तेजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: neuter, instrumental, singular

• सूर्यवत्: like the sun
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सूर्यवत् (वत्-प्रत्ययान्त, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: indeclinable-like adjective (comparative in sense), used adverbially

• दीप्तः: shining, blazing
• दीप्तः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीप् (धातु) → दीप्त (कृदन्त, भूतकृदन्त/क्त)
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• भ्राजते: shines, gleams
• Type: Verb
• Root: भ्राज् (धातु)
• Form: present tense (laṭ), 3rd person, singular, ātmanepada

• सोमवत्: like the moon
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सोमवत् (वत्-प्रत्ययान्त, प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: indeclinable-like adjective (comparative in sense), used adverbially

• पुनः: again/furthermore
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः (अव्यय)
• Form: avyaya

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)
• Sūrya (the Sun)
• Soma (the Moon)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Freedom from pāpa (sin/ethical demerit) is portrayed as producing śāśvatī dyuti—an enduring inner radiance. Moral purification is not merely negative (removal of fault) but positive: it manifests as tejas, a stable spiritual brilliance likened to the sun’s blaze and the moon’s gentle shine.

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) is speaking in a didactic context, describing the result of becoming pāpāt pramukta (freed from sin). He explains the transformed state of such a person through cosmic similes: sunlike intensity and moonlike luminosity, emphasizing the visible/experiential fruit of ethical cleansing.