Shloka 75

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

Devanagari script

यथा च्छायातपौ नित्यं सुसम्बद्धौ निरन्तरम्‌ । तथा कर्म च कर्ता च सम्बद्धावात्मकर्मभि:

Transliteration

yathā cchāyātapau nityaṃ susambaddhau nirantaram | tathā karma ca kartā ca sambaddhāv ātmakarmabhiḥ ||

Translation

နေ၏အလင်းနှင့် အရိပ်တို့သည် အစဉ်မပြတ် ခွဲမရအောင် ဆက်စပ်နေသကဲ့သို့၊ ကမ္မနှင့် ကမ္မပြုသူလည်း မပြတ်တောက်ဘဲ ဆက်စပ်ချည်နှောင်နေသည်—လူတစ်ဦးချင်းစီသည် မိမိ၏သဘောသဘာဝနှင့် အပြုအမူမှ ပေါ်ထွန်းလာသော အကျင့်၏ အကျိုးဆက်နှင့် သီလသဘောတရားတို့နှင့် ချည်နှောင်ထားခြင်းဖြစ်သည်။

Word by Word

• यथा: just as
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा

• च्छाया: shadow (and)
• च्छाया: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: छाया
• Form: Feminine, Nominative, Dual

• आतपौ: sunshine/heat (and)
• आतपौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आतप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• नित्यम्: always
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नित्य

• सुसम्बद्धौ: well-connected/closely linked
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सु-सम्बद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• निरन्तरम्: continuously, without break
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: निरन्तर

• तथा: so, in the same way
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा

• कर्म: action/deed
• कर्म: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कर्ता: doer/agent
• कर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्तृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• सम्बद्धौ: connected/related
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम्बद्ध
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• आत्मकर्मभिः: by/through their own actions
• आत्मकर्मभिः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: आत्मकर्मन्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

काल उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Kāla (Time/Death personified)
• shadow (cchāyā)
• sunlight/heat (ātapa)
• karma (action)
• kartā (doer)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches inseparable moral linkage: actions (karma) and the agent (kartā) cannot be separated, just as sunlight and shadow coexist. One remains bound to one’s deeds and their ethical consequences.

What is happening in the narrative?

Kāla (personified Time/Death) speaks in a didactic mode, using a natural analogy (sunlight and shadow) to explain a moral principle about how the doer is continuously connected to action and its results.