Home›Garuda Purana›Preta Kalpa›Adhyaya 47›Shloka 19
←Previous Verse
Next Verse→

Shloka 19

Vaitaraṇī: Torments of the Sinful, Sins Enumerated, and the Vaitaraṇī Go-dāna Rite

Devanagari script

सदामर्षो सदा क्रोधी निजवाक्यप्रमाणकृत् / परोक्त्युच्छेदको नित्यं वैतरण्या वसेच्चिरम्

Transliteration

sadāmarṣo sadā krodhī nijavākyapramāṇakṛt / paroktyucchedako nityaṃ vaitaraṇyā vasecciram

Translation

အမြဲမခံနိုင်သူ, အမြဲဒေါသထွက်သူ, မိမိစကားကိုသာ အာဏာတရားဟု ထင်မြင်သူ, နှင့် အခြားသူတို့၏ စကားကို အမြဲ ဖြတ်တောက်ပယ်ချ/ချေပသူ—ထိုသူသည် ဝိုင်တရဏီ၌ အချိန်ကြာမြင့်စွာ နေထိုင်ရ၏။

Word by Word
सदाalways
सदा:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
अमर्षःone who is intolerant/resentful
अमर्षः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअमर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
सदाalways
सदा:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (adverb)
क्रोधीone who is angry
क्रोधी:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोधिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); इन्-प्रत्ययान्त (in-stem)
निजवाक्यप्रमाणकृत्one who makes his own words the authority
निजवाक्यप्रमाणकृत्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनिज (प्रातिपदिक) + वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक) + प्रमाण (प्रातिपदिक) + कृद्/कृत् (प्रातिपदिक; √कृ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): ‘निजवाक्यं प्रमाणं करोति’ इति
परोक्तिanother’s statement
परोक्ति:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootपर (प्रातिपदिक) + उक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष-समास (determinative): ‘परस्य उक्तिः’; प्रातिपदिक (compound base)
उच्छेदकःdestroyer, one who cuts off
उच्छेदकः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्-√छिद् (धातु) + अक (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); कर्तरि-ण्वुल्/अक-प्रत्ययार्थक (agent noun): ‘उच्छेदं करोति’
नित्यम्constantly
नित्यम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverbial accusative)
वैतरण्याम्in the Vaitaraṇī (river/hell-stream)
वैतरण्याम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootवैतरणी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन (Singular)
वसेत्would dwell
वसेत्:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative/Potential), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular); परस्मैपद
चिरम्for a long time
चिरम्:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverbial accusative)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Naraka

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Habitual krodha, amārṣa (intolerance), self-authorizing speech, and constant refutation of others lead to long residence in Vaitaraṇī.

Vedantic Theme: Ahaṅkāra and dveṣa distort buddhi and bind the jīva; speech-ethics (vāṅ-niyama) is part of inner purification.

Application: Practice kṣamā (forbearance), listen charitably, verify claims, and cultivate respectful dialogue; restrain speech that humiliates or silences others.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bhayanaka

Secondary Rasa: raudra

Geographic Context

Type: river

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana Pretakalpa: Vaitaraṇī descriptions and causes (immediate context 2.47.20)

Characters & Entities
V
Vaitarani
Y
Yama

FAQs

In this verse, Vaitaraṇī functions as a karmic threshold on Yama’s path where specific faults—like chronic anger, intolerance, and cutting down others’ speech—result in prolonged suffering.

It links post-death experience to habitual mental and verbal conduct: a person who lives in constant wrath and argumentative denial of others accrues karma that places the soul in the painful Vaitaraṇī stage for a long duration.

Cultivate patience, reduce reactive anger, and practice respectful dialogue—treating truth as larger than personal opinion—to avoid the karmic consequences associated with harsh, dismissive speech.

←Previous Verse
Next Verse→