Shloka 15

Dharma–Adharma Marks; Daśāha, Piṇḍa Formation, Śrāddha Calendar, Śayyā-dāna, and Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa Rules

Devanagari script

न पूर्वाह्ने न मध्याह्ने नापराह्ने न सन्धिषु / याते प्रथमयामे तु दद्यादापजलाञ्जंलीन्

Transliteration

na pūrvāhne na madhyāhne nāparāhne na sandhiṣu / yāte prathamayāme tu dadyādāpajalāñjaṃlīn

Translation

မနက်ပိုင်းတွင်မဟုတ်၊ မွန်းတည့်တွင်မဟုတ်၊ နေ့လယ်နောက်ပိုင်းတွင်မဟုတ်၊ ဆုံချိန်များ (မိုးလင်း/မိုးချုပ်) တွင်လည်းမဟုတ်။ ပထမယာမ ကုန်လွန်ပြီးမှသာ ရေသက္ကာ (jalāñjali) ကို ပူဇော်ရမည်။

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• pūrva-ahne: in the forenoon
• pūrva-ahne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; tatpuruṣa: pūrve ahni = "in the forenoon"

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• madhya-ahne: at midday
• madhya-ahne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhya (प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; tatpuruṣa: madhye ahni = "at midday"

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• apara-ahne: in the afternoon
• apara-ahne: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: apara (प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; tatpuruṣa: apare ahni = "in the afternoon"

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध)

• sandhiṣu: at the junction-times (twilights)
• sandhiṣu: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sandhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन)

• yāte: when (it has) passed
• yāte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √yā (या धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त; क्तप्रत्यय), Locative absolute sense; Neuter/Masculine Locative Singular: "when (it is) gone/passed"; used with prathamayāme

• prathama-yāme: in the first watch (of the day/night)
• prathama-yāme: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: prathama (प्रातिपदिक) + yāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; tatpuruṣa: prathame yāme = "in the first watch"

• tu: but/indeed
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (विरोध/अवधारण)

• dadyāt: should give
• dadyāt: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dā (दा धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person, Singular; parasmaipada

• āpaḥ-jala-añjalīn: handfuls of water
• āpaḥ-jala-añjalīn: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āpas (प्रातिपदिक) + jala (प्रातिपदिक) + añjali (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: apām/jalasya añjaliḥ = "handful(s) of water"; plural object of dadyāt

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in instruction to Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Pretakalpa Layer

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: After the first yāma has passed; not during forenoon/midday/afternoon or sandhyā junctions (as stated)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Kāla (proper time) governs ritual efficacy; water-libations should be offered after the first yāma, not during prohibited periods.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma as alignment with cosmic order (ṛta) through correct observance of time and rule.

Application: Follow prescribed timing for jalāñjali/udaka-dāna; avoid sandhyā junctions and specified daytime intervals; consult local pañcāṅga/tradition for yāma calculation.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Geographic Context

Type: ritual-time (kāla-niyama)

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: timing rules for udaka and śrāddha acts; avoidance of sandhyā for certain rites (contextual)

Characters & Entities

• Vishnu
• Garuda

FAQs

What is the importance of correct timing for water offerings in the Garuda Purana?

This verse emphasizes that jalāñjali (water-libations) should be done at the prescribed time—after the first watch—because ritual efficacy depends on proper kāla (timing) and avoiding prohibited periods like sandhi (twilight junctions).

How does this verse relate to Garuda Purana guidance on rites for the departed (preta-related observances)?

In the Preta Kanda, Vishnu outlines practical rules for offerings connected with post-death rites; here, the focus is on the disciplined scheduling of water-libations that support the intended spiritual purpose of such rites.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

If performing tarpana or water-offerings, follow a consistent, tradition-aligned time window and avoid twilight junctions; more broadly, it teaches that sincerity should be paired with correct method and timing in dharmic practice.