Shloka 71

Jñāna-hetu-nirūpaṇa

On the Causes/Means of Knowledge

Devanagari script

मोक्षाधिकारिणो ये तु अज्ञानात्परमेश्वरम् / पार्थक्यनयनं येषु कुर्वन्ति यर्हि वा प्रभो

Transliteration

mokṣādhikāriṇo ye tu ajñānātparameśvaram / pārthakyanayanaṃ yeṣu kurvanti yarhi vā prabho

Translation

သို့သော် မောက္ခအခွင့်ရှိသူတို့သည် မသိမှုကြောင့် အမြင့်ဆုံး အရှင် (ပရမေရှ္ဝရ) ကို အမျိုးမျိုးသော ပုံသဏ္ဌာန်များ၌ ခွဲခြားကွာခြားသကဲ့သို့ မြင်စေကြလျှင်၊ အို သခင်…

Word by Word

• मोक्ष-अधिकारिणः: those entitled to liberation
• मोक्ष-अधिकारिणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मोक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + अधिकारिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘मोक्षे अधिकारः येषाम्’ इति अधिकारिन्-शब्दः

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; relative pronoun

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थक

• अज्ञानात्: out of ignorance
• अज्ञानात्: Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; हेतौ (cause)

• परम-ईश्वरम्: the Supreme Lord
• परम-ईश्वरम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः ‘परमः ईश्वरः’

• पार्थक्य-नयनम्: the act of making a distinction
• पार्थक्य-नयनम्: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थक्य (प्रातिपदिक) + नयन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘पार्थक्यस्य नयनम्’ (making/seeking difference)

• येषु: in whom/among whom
• येषु: Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन; relative pronoun

• कुर्वन्ति: they do/make
• कुर्वन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन

• यर्हि: when
• यर्हि: Kala (काल/Time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यर्हि (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle)

• प्रभो: O Lord
• प्रभो: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन

Speaker

Lord Vishnu (addressing Garuda/Vinata-putra in instruction)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Even a mokṣādhikārī, if due to ajñāna they impose division (pārthakya-nayana) upon Parameśvara across forms/beings, incurs a spiritual fault with consequences.

Vedantic Theme: Bheda-buddhi vs tattva-jñāna; avidyā causes superimposition (adhyāsa) of multiplicity upon the One; right vision is essential for liberation.

Application: Cultivate discernment through śravaṇa-manana (study and reflection), avoid sectarian or literalist fragmentation of the Supreme, and correct misunderstandings gently but firmly.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 3.12.72 (duḥkha as consequence at appointed times); Garuda Purana 3.12.69-70 (harinindā and disrespect to symbols)

Characters & Entities

• Parameshvara (Supreme Lord)

FAQs

What is the importance of mokṣādhikāra (fitness for liberation) in the Garuda Purana?

This verse highlights that even those fit for liberation must overcome ajñāna; liberation requires right vision of the Supreme, not merely eligibility or practice.

How does this verse explain the obstacle to realizing the Supreme Lord?

It points to ignorance as the cause of perceiving the one Parameśvara as divided—treating the Divine as separate across forms—an error that blocks direct realization.

Practical application of this wisdom today?

Cultivate discernment and devotion that sees the same Supreme presence in all; reduce sectarian or ego-based “separateness” and align actions with unity, humility, and truth.