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Shloka 22

The Examination of Pearls and Padmarāga (Ruby): Origins, Marks, Defects, and Valuation

Devanagari script

तुषोपसर्गात्कलशाभिधानमाताम्रभावादपि तुम्बुरूत्थम् / कार्ष्ण्यात्तथा सिंहलदेशजातं मुक्ताभिधानं नभसः स्वभावात्

Transliteration

tuṣopasargātkalaśābhidhānamātāmrabhāvādapi tumburūttham / kārṣṇyāttathā siṃhaladeśajātaṃ muktābhidhānaṃ nabhasaḥ svabhāvāt

Translation

အခွံကပ်ကပ် (အဖုံးကဲ့သို့) ပါဝင်ခြင်းကြောင့် «ကလသ» (kalaśa) ဟု ခေါ်ကြသည်။ ကြေးနီရောင်သွေးနီသဖြင့်လည်း တုမ္ဘုရု (tumburu) မှ ထွက်ပေါ်သည်ဟု ဆိုကြ၏။ ထို့အတူ အမဲရောင်တင့်တယ်မှုကြောင့် သီංහල (Siṃhala) နိုင်ငံ၌ မွေးဖွားသော «မုက္တာ» (muktā) ဟု ခေါ်ကြပြီး၊ မိုးကောင်းကင်ကဲ့သို့ သဘာဝတရားအရလည်း «မုက္တာ»—လွတ်မြောက်သူ—ဟု အမည်ပေးကြသည်။

Word by Word
तुषोपसर्गात्from the affliction/defect of husk-like impurity
तुषोपसर्गात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootतुष-उपसर्ग (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ (ablative of cause)
कलशाभिधानम्the designation ‘kalaśa’
कलशाभिधानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकलश-अभिधान (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘कलश’ इति नाम/अभिधानम्
आताम्रभावात्from coppery/reddish nature
आताम्रभावात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootआ-ताम्र-भाव (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ
अपिalso
अपि:
Sambandha (Particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अपेक्षाबोधक अव्यय (also/even)
तुम्बुरूत्थम्arisen from Tumburu (region)
तुम्बुरूत्थम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootतुम्बुरु-उत्थ (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण—‘तुम्बुरोः उत्पन्नम्’
कार्ष्ण्यात्from blackness/darkness
कार्ष्ण्यात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootकार्ष्ण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ—‘कृष्णत्वात्’
तथाlikewise
तथा:
Sambandha (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (in that way/likewise)
सिंहलदेशजातम्born in the Siṃhala country
सिंहलदेशजातम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसींहल-देश-जात (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण—‘सींहलदेशे जातम्’
मुक्ताभिधानम्the designation ‘muktā’ (pearl)
मुक्ताभिधानम्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्त-अभिधान (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘मुक्ता’ इति नाम
नभसःof the sky
नभसः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootनभस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध
स्वभावात्from (its) natural property
स्वभावात्:
Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व-भाव (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; हेतौ
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinata-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Nāma arises from guṇa and upādhi: terms like kalaśa/tumburu/siṃhala/muktā are grounded in observable properties (covering, coppery hue, darkness, sky-like nature).

Vedantic Theme: Nāma-rūpa and upādhi: designation follows attributes; discern the basis of naming to avoid confusion.

Application: When interpreting labels (in texts or life), ask: what property or context generated the name? This prevents category errors.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: type-name tied to region/appearance; regions

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana 1.70 (nirukti-style explanations of ratna-bheda names)

Characters & Entities
S
Siṁhala (Sri Lanka)
N
nabhas (sky/ether)

FAQs

This verse preserves traditional Sanskrit nirukti-style explanations for why a pearl is called muktā, linking the name to the idea of ‘release’ and to a sky-like natural purity.

Rather than describing afterlife rites here, the chapter segment functions as a classificatory/lexical teaching—explaining names and origins—supporting accurate ritual and cultural usage of terms found elsewhere in the Purana.

Use it as a reference for correct Sanskrit terminology (IAST, meanings, and traditional derivations) when studying or citing Garuda Purana passages about objects, offerings, or auspicious materials.

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