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Shloka 3

Madātyaya Nidāna and Lakṣaṇa: Liquor’s Qualities, Tridoṣa Presentations, and Fainting Signs

Devanagari script

जीवितान्ताः प्रजायन्ते विषेणोत्कर्षवर्तिना / तीक्ष्णादिभिर्गुणैर्मद्यं मान्द्यदीनोजसो गुणान्

Transliteration

jīvitāntāḥ prajāyante viṣeṇotkarṣavartinā / tīkṣṇādibhirguṇairmadyaṃ māndyadīnojaso guṇān

Translation

အဆိပ်သည် အင်အားကြီးစွာ လွှမ်းမိုး၍ အသက်ကို အဆုံးသို့ တွန်းပို့၏။ မေရားအရက်သည် ထက်မြက်သည့် ဂုဏ်နှင့် အခြားဂုဏ်တို့ကြောင့် အောဇစ် (အသက်ဓာတ်) ကို လျော့နည်းစေကာ မောပန်းခြင်း စသည့် အခြေအနေများကို ဖြစ်စေ၏။

Word by Word
जीवितान्ताःending in death / life-ending
जीवितान्ताः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवित + अन्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st case), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (जीवितस्य अन्तः) — 'life-ending'
प्रजायन्तेare born / arise
प्रजायन्ते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √जन् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; 'are produced/are born'
विषेणby poison
विषेण:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन; करण (instrument)
उत्कर्षवर्तिनाhaving the property of intensifying
उत्कर्षवर्तिना:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्कर्ष + वर्तिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (उत्कर्षे वर्तते इति) — 'acting in/causing intensification'
तीक्ष्णादिभिःwith (those) beginning with sharpness
तीक्ष्णादिभिः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतीक्ष्ण + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; 'with (qualities) beginning with sharpness'
गुणैःby qualities
गुणैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन; करण
मद्यंliquor / intoxicant
मद्यं:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमद्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd case), एकवचन; here as कर्तृ/कर्म depending on construal
मान्द्यादीन्(effects) beginning with dullness
मान्द्यादीन्:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootमान्द्य + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन; 'those beginning with sluggishness'
ओजसःof vigor/strength
ओजसः:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootओजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन; सम्बन्ध (genitive)
गुणान्qualities / properties
गुणान्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन; कर्म
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda/Vinatā-putra)

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Poison and intoxicants hasten death and diminish ojas, leading to lethargy and loss of vitality.

Vedantic Theme: Deha-asakti as a cause of pramada (heedlessness); preservation of sattva and life-force supports discrimination (viveka).

Application: Avoid intoxicants and toxic exposures; cultivate diet and conduct that protect ojas (sleep, moderation, sattvic intake).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: bibhatsa

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Cross References

Related Themes: Garuda Purana (didactic sections on pramada/mada and consequences of adharma; adjacent verses on stages of intoxication and mental delusion)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu
O
ojas
M
madya
V
viṣa

FAQs

This verse frames intoxication (madya) as a force that reduces ojas—vital clarity and strength—leading to dullness and loss of self-control, which in turn supports adharma and harmful karma.

By describing poison as life-ending and liquor as ojas-diminishing, the verse implies that self-harm and impaired judgment shorten life and destabilize one’s dharmic conduct, shaping karmic outcomes that the Purana later connects with post-death consequences.

Avoid substances that cloud discernment or damage vitality; protect ojas through moderation, clarity of mind, and disciplined living so actions remain aligned with dharma.

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