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Shloka 20

Hiraṇyakaśipu’s Austerities and Brahmā’s Boons

The Architecture of ‘Conditional Immortality’

व्यवसायेन तेऽनेन दुष्करेण मनस्विनाम् । तपोनिष्ठेन भवता जितोऽहं दितिनन्दन ॥ २० ॥

vyavasāyena te ’nena duṣkareṇa manasvinām tapo-niṣṭhena bhavatā jito ’haṁ diti-nandana

အို ဒိတိ၏သားရေ၊ သင်၏ခိုင်မာသောဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်နှင့် အလွန်ခက်ခဲသောတပဿာကြောင့် မဟာရသီများတောင် မလွယ်ကူသည့်အရာကို ပြုလုပ်နိုင်ခဲ့သည်; ထို့ကြောင့် သင်သည် အမှန်တကယ် ငါ့ကို အနိုင်ယူခဲ့သည်။

व्यवसायेनby (your) effort/determination
व्यवसायेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootव्यवसाय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; Instrumental singular
तेof you/your
ते:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Genitive singular (your)
अनेनby this
अनेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental singular (by this)
दुष्करेणdifficult (austere)
दुष्करेण:
Viśeṣaṇa of Karaṇa (करण-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental singular
मनस्विनाम्of the resolute-minded (ascetics)
मनस्विनाम्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; Genitive plural
तपः-निष्ठेनby steadfastness in austerity
तपः-निष्ठेन:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक) + निष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (तपसि निष्ठा यस्य/तपोनिष्ठः)
भवताby you
भवता:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootभवत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Instrumental singular (by you)
जितःconquered/overcome
जितः:
Kriyā (क्रिया) / Predicative
TypeVerb
Rootजि (धातु) → जित (कृदन्त, क्त-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; agrees with अहम्
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karma (कर्म) (logical object of ‘conquered’)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Nominative singular
दिति-नन्दनO son of Diti
दिति-नन्दन:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootदिति (प्रातिपदिक) + नन्दन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति, एकवचन; Vocative singular; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (दितेः नन्दनः)

In regard to the word jitaḥ, Śrīla Madhva Muni gives the following quotation from the Śabda-nirṇaya: parābhūtaṁ vaśa-sthaṁ ca jitabhid ucyate budhaiḥ. “If one comes under someone else’s control or is defeated by another, he is called jitaḥ. ” Hiraṇyakaśipu’s austerity was so great and wonderful that even Lord Brahmā agreed to be conquered by him.

B
Brahmā
H
Hiraṇyakaśipu
D
Diti

FAQs

This verse shows that intense, unwavering austerity (tapo-niṣṭhā) can even oblige Brahmā to appear and grant boons, as he says he is 'conquered' by such determination.

Because Hiraṇyakaśipu performed extremely difficult austerities with firm resolve; Brahmā, as the cosmic administrator, is bound to respond when such tapas reaches its fruition.

Cultivate steady discipline toward a worthy goal—especially spiritual practice—since consistent, focused effort over time brings powerful results and draws divine support.