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Shloka 43

Sāṅkhya Enumeration of Tattvas, Distinction of Puruṣa–Prakṛti, and the Mechanics of Birth and Death

नित्यदा ह्यङ्ग भूतानि भवन्ति न भवन्ति च । कालेनालक्ष्यवेगेन सूक्ष्मत्वात्तन्न द‍ृश्यते ॥ ४३ ॥

nityadā hy aṅga bhūtāni bhavanti na bhavanti ca kālenālakṣya-vegena sūkṣmatvāt tan na dṛśyate

ချစ်သော ဥဒ္ဓဝာရေ၊ လောကီကိုယ်ခန္ဓာများသည် အချိန်၏ မမြင်နိုင်သော မြန်နှုန်းကြောင့် အမြဲတမ်း ဖြစ်ပေါ်လာပြီး ပျောက်ကွယ်သွားကြသည်။ သို့သော် အချိန်သည် အလွန်သိမ်မွေ့သောကြောင့် မည်သူမျှ ထိုအရာကို မမြင်နိုင်။

nityadāalways
nityadā:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnityadā (अव्यय; नित्य + दा)
FormKāla-avyaya; avyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) ‘always/at all times’
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormAvadhāraṇa/hetu-nipāta (अवधारण/हेतु) particle
aṅgaO dear (one)
aṅga:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaṅga (अव्यय/सम्बोधन-निपात)
FormSambodhana-nipāta (सम्बोधन) vocative particle
bhūtānibeings, entities
bhūtāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhūta (भूत प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā (1st), Bahuvacana (बहुवचन)
bhavanticome to be, exist
bhavanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (present), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Bahuvacana
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNiṣedha-nipāta negation
bhavanticome to be
bhavanti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhū (भू धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra, Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Bahuvacana (repeated with negation)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormSamuccaya-nipāta conjunction
kālenaby time
kālena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (काल प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana
alakṣya-vegenawith imperceptible speed
alakṣya-vegena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootalakṣya-vega (प्रातिपदिक; अलक्ष्य + वेग)
FormPuṁliṅga, Tṛtīyā (3rd), Ekavacana; karmadhāraya (कर्मधारय) ‘imperceptible speed’
sūkṣmatvātdue to subtlety
sūkṣmatvāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootsūkṣmatva (सूक्ष्मत्व प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Pañcamī (5th/पञ्चमी), Ekavacana; hetu-artha (हेतु) ablative ‘because of’
tatthat (process/thing)
tat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapumsaka, Prathamā (1st), Ekavacana
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNiṣedha-nipāta
dṛśyateis seen
dṛśyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootdṛś (दृश् धातु)
FormLaṭ-lakāra (present), Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd), Ekavacana; karmaṇi-prayoga (कर्मणि प्रयोग) passive
K
Krishna
U
Uddhava

FAQs

This verse teaches that time continuously causes material beings and states to arise and disappear, but the change is hard to notice because it happens subtly and at an imperceptible pace.

Krishna instructs Uddhava to see the world as ever-transforming under time’s influence, helping him cultivate detachment and steadiness in devotion beyond temporary material conditions.

Remembering that situations, emotions, and possessions are always changing helps reduce anxiety and attachment, encouraging a calmer, more devotional focus on what is eternal—service to the Lord.