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Shloka 40

Vānaprastha-vidhi and Sannyāsa-dharma: Austerity, Detachment, and the Paramahaṁsa Ideal

यस्त्वसंयतषड्‍वर्ग: प्रचण्डेन्द्रियसारथि: । ज्ञानवैराग्यरहितस्‍त्रिदण्डमुपजीवति ॥ ४० ॥ सुरानात्मानमात्मस्थं निह्नुते मां च धर्महा । अविपक्व‍कषायोऽस्मादमुष्माच्च विहीयते ॥ ४१ ॥

yas tv asaṁyata-ṣaḍ-vargaḥ pracaṇḍendriya-sārathiḥ jñāna-vairāgya-rahitas tridaṇḍam upajīvati

ကာမ၊ ဒေါသ၊ လောဘ၊ အလွန်အကျွံ စိတ်လှုပ်ရှားမှု၊ မုသာဂုဏ်မာန်၊ မူးယစ်မတော်—ဤမောဟခြောက်ပါးကို မထိန်းချုပ်နိုင်သူ၊ အာရုံတို့၏ စာရသီဖြစ်သော ဉာဏ်သည် လောကီအရာများတွင် ပြင်းထန်စွာကပ်ငြိသူ၊ ဉာဏ်နှင့် ဝိရာဂျ်မရှိသူ၊ တြိဒဏ္ဍ/စန္န്യാസကို အသက်မွေးဝမ်းကျောင်းအတွက် ခံယူသူ၊ ပူဇော်ထိုက်သော ဒေဝတားများ၊ ကိုယ့်အတ္တ/အာတ್ಮာနှင့် ကိုယ့်အတွင်းရှိ အမြင့်ဆုံးဘုရား (ငါ) ကို ငြင်းပယ်၍ ဓမ္မကို ဖျက်ဆီးသူ—ဤကဲ့သို့ မစိမ့်မမြည့်သော အညစ်အကြေးကပ်နေသူသည် ဤဘဝနှင့် နောက်ဘဝ နှစ်ဘဝလုံးတွင် လမ်းလွဲ၍ ပျက်စီးသွားသည်။

यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; relative pronoun
तुbut
तु:
Discourse particle (निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (particle/conjunction): contrast ‘but/indeed’
असंयत-षड्वर्गःhaving the sixfold group uncontrolled
असंयत-षड्वर्गः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअसंयत (प्रातिपदिक) + षड्वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक: षट्+वर्ग)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): ‘whose sixfold group is uncontrolled’ (i.e., uncontrolled six senses/inner enemies)
प्रचण्डेन्द्रिय-सारथिःone whose charioteer is the fierce senses
प्रचण्डेन्द्रिय-सारथिः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रचण्ड (प्रातिपदिक) + इन्द्रिय (प्रातिपदिक) + सारथि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘a charioteer of fierce senses’ (i.e., driven by violent senses)
ज्ञान-वैराग्य-रहितःdevoid of knowledge and dispassion
ज्ञान-वैराग्य-रहितः:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृविशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञान (प्रातिपदिक) + वैराग्य (प्रातिपदिक) + रहित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; तृतीया/सप्तमी-भावे तत्त्वतः ‘devoid of knowledge and detachment’ (determinative compound)
त्रिदण्डम्the triple staff (tridaṇḍa)
त्रिदण्डम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिदण्ड (प्रातिपदिक: त्रि+दण्ड)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (numeral compound)
उपजीवतिmakes a living by; subsists on
उपजीवति:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-जीव् (धातु)
Formलट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद; √जीव् with उपसर्ग उप

Lord Kṛṣṇa here condemns bogus personalities who adopt the sannyāsa order of life for sense gratification while still maintaining all of the symptoms of gross illusion. A false show of sannyāsa is never accepted by intelligent followers of Vedic principles. So-called sannyāsīs who ruin all Vedic religious principles sometimes become famous among foolish persons, but they are simply cheating themselves and their followers. These charlatan sannyāsīs are never actually engaged in the loving devotional service of Lord Kṛṣṇa.

K
Kṛṣṇa
U
Uddhava

FAQs

It warns that if one has not conquered the six inner enemies and lacks true knowledge and detachment, then the external symbol of renunciation (like the tridaṇḍa) becomes merely a means of livelihood, not genuine spiritual life.

In the Uddhava-gītā teachings, Kṛṣṇa explains the standards of real renunciation and dharma, cautioning Uddhava against external show without inner purification and sense control.

It teaches integrity: spiritual identity, titles, or uniforms should be supported by inner discipline—controlling impulses, cultivating wisdom, and practicing detachment—rather than using spirituality for social status or income.