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Shloka 23

Śravaṇa–Kīrtana–Manana: Definitions and Hierarchy of Śaiva Sādhanā (श्रवणकीर्तनमनन-निरूपणम्)

श्रवणादित्रिकेऽशक्तः किं कृत्वा मुच्यते जनः । अयत्नेनैव मुक्तिः स्यात्कर्मणा केन हेतुना

śravaṇāditrike'śaktaḥ kiṃ kṛtvā mucyate janaḥ | ayatnenaiva muktiḥ syātkarmaṇā kena hetunā

Jika seseorang tidak mampu melakukan triad yang bermula dengan śravaṇa (mendengar), dengan melakukan apa dia dapat dibebaskan? Dan jika pembebasan boleh terjadi tanpa usaha yang berat, maka atas sebab apa—melalui tindakan (karma) yang mana—ia berlaku?

श्रवण-आदि-त्रिकेin the triad beginning with hearing
श्रवण-आदि-त्रिके:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + त्रिक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (श्रवणादीनां त्रिके), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी एकवचन (locative: ‘in the triad’)
अशक्तःunable
अशक्तः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootअशक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formविशेषण, पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (qualifying ‘जनः’)
किम्what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक (interrogative)
कृत्वाhaving done
कृत्वा:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√कृ (धातु) → कृत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive): ‘having done’
मुच्यतेis liberated
मुच्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√मुच् (धातु)
Formलट् (वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive: ‘is freed’)
जनःa person
जनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
अयत्नेनwithout effort
अयत्नेन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootअयत्न (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (instrumental: ‘without effort’)
एवindeed/only
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अवधारण (particle of emphasis)
मुक्तिःliberation
मुक्तिः:
Karta (कर्ता/वाक्यविषय)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
स्यात्may be/would be
स्यात्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
कर्मणाby action/rite
कर्मणा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (instrumental: ‘by what act’)
केनby which
केन:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया एकवचन; प्रश्नार्थक
हेतुनाby what reason/cause
हेतुना:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (instrumental: ‘for what reason’)

Suta Goswami (narrating the teaching context to the sages of Naimisharanya)

Tattva Level: pashu

S
Shiva

FAQs

The verse raises a key Shaiva question: if one cannot perform the classical discipline of śravaṇa (hearing), etc., then what is the accessible cause of moksha? It points toward Shiva’s grace (anugraha) as the decisive liberating factor, beyond mere personal exertion.

In the Vidyeśvara context, the implication is that accessible Saguna upāsanā—especially Linga worship and Shiva-nāma/mantra—can carry the devotee when elaborate study or formal contemplative disciplines are not possible, because Shiva responds to devotion with liberating grace.

The verse prepares the ground for a simple, effort-light practice centered on Shiva: japa of the Panchākṣarī (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and straightforward Linga-bhakti (with offerings like water and bilva), relying on steadiness and surrender rather than complex procedures.