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Shloka 21

Kṣetra–Kāla–Phala-kramaḥ

Hierarchy of Sacred Place, Time, and Ritual Fruit

इच्छावतः प्रदानं च संपूर्णफलदं विदुः । यत्प्रश्नानंतरं दत्तं तदर्धं फलदं विदुः

icchāvataḥ pradānaṃ ca saṃpūrṇaphaladaṃ viduḥ | yatpraśnānaṃtaraṃ dattaṃ tadardhaṃ phaladaṃ viduḥ

Orang bijaksana mengetahui bahawa pemberian yang dilakukan dengan rela hati menghasilkan buah yang sempurna. Tetapi pemberian yang dibuat hanya setelah diminta diketahui memberi buah sekadar separuh.

icchāvataḥof a willing person
icchāvataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rooticchāvat (इच्छावत् प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter (पुं/नपुंसक), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); ‘of one who wishes/desires’
pradānamgiving; donation
pradānam:
Karta (कर्ता) (as subject of viduḥ ‘they know’)
TypeNoun
Rootpradāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction particle (समुच्चयार्थक निपात) ‘and’
saṃpūrṇa-phala-damgiving full reward
saṃpūrṇa-phala-dam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsaṃpūrṇa (सम्पूर्ण प्रातिपदिक) + phala (प्रातिपदिक) + da (दा/दद् धातु from √dā ‘to give’ as -da ‘giver’)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); ‘giving complete fruit/result’
viduḥthey know; they consider
viduḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (विद् धातु ‘to know’)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)
yat-praśna-anantaramimmediately after the question
yat-praśna-anantaram:
Kāla (काल/temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyat (यद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + praśna (प्रातिपदिक) + anantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndeclinable avyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव) used adverbially: ‘immediately after the question’ (यत्प्रश्नानन्तरम्)
dattamgiven
dattam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण) (qualifying implied pradānam/dānam)
TypeAdjective
Rootdā (दा धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormPast passive participle (कर्मणि क्त), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); ‘given’
tad-ardhamhalf of that; to that half extent
tad-ardham:
Parimāṇa (परिमाण/extent)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottad (तद् सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + ardha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormIndeclinable avyayībhāva (अव्ययीभाव): ‘to that extent/half of that’ (तदर्धम्)
phala-damfruit-giving; rewarding
phala-dam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootphala (प्रातिपदिक) + da (दा/दद् धातु from √dā ‘to give’ as -da ‘giver’)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative/Accusative (1st/2nd), Singular (एकवचन); ‘giving fruit/result’
viduḥthey know; they consider
viduḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (विद् धातु ‘to know’)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

Suta Goswami (narrating Shiva’s dharmic teaching within the Vidyeshvara/Vishveshvara context)

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Mahādeva

Sthala Purana: Ethics of dāna: spontaneity (icchā) yields full merit; reluctant giving after solicitation yields diminished fruit. In Śaiva framing, inner intention (bhāva) conditions the karmic and devotional efficacy of acts offered to Śiva.

Significance: Teaches pilgrims/householders that merit is not merely transactional; purity of will amplifies spiritual fruit, aligning with Śiva’s anugraha rather than mere social pressure.

S
Shiva

FAQs

It teaches that the inner intention (bhāva) is central to dharma: voluntary giving, done with a pure and devotional mind, bears complete spiritual merit, while reluctant giving reduces the fruit.

In Linga worship, offerings are valued for sincerity rather than compulsion; this verse reinforces that devotion expressed freely—like spontaneous offerings to Saguna Shiva—becomes spiritually complete.

Practice intentional, unprompted dana and seva—especially on Shiva days (e.g., Mahashivratri or Mondays)—as a conscious offering to Shiva, aligning action with devotion rather than social pressure.