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Shloka 42

Arjuna’s Mantra-Empowerment and the Pāṇḍavas’ Separation (Śiva-rūpa through Mantra)

ब्राह्मण उवाच । नवे वयसि वै तात किन्तपस्यसि साम्प्रतम् । मुक्त्यर्थं वा जयार्थं किं सर्वथैतत्तपस्तव

brāhmaṇa uvāca | nave vayasi vai tāta kintapasyasi sāmpratam | muktyarthaṃ vā jayārthaṃ kiṃ sarvathaitattapastava

Brahmana itu berkata: “Wahai anak yang dikasihi, engkau masih dalam kesegaran usia muda—mengapa engkau melakukan tapa sekarang? Adakah pertapaan ini demi mokṣa (pembebasan), atau demi kemenangan serta pencapaian duniawi? Sebenarnya, untuk tujuan apakah tapa ini engkau lakukan?”

ब्राह्मणःthe brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
नवेin young (age)
नवे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/स्थान-काल)
TypeAdjective
Rootनव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग/पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; विशेषणं ‘वयसि’
वयसिin age
वयसि:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootवयस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; particle (निश्चय/उपपद)
तातdear son
तात:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
किम्what/why
किम्:
Karma (कर्म/प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; interrogative used adverbially
तपस्यसिdo you perform austerity
तपस्यसि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootतपस् (धातु: तप्)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद; मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन
साम्प्रतम्now/at present
साम्प्रतम्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसाम्प्रतम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; adverb (काल)
मुक्ति-अर्थम्for liberation
मुक्ति-अर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootमुक्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (मुक्तेः अर्थः/हेतुः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; purpose
वाor
वा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/समुच्चय-विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; conjunction (विकल्प)
जय-अर्थम्for victory
जय-अर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootजय (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष (जयस्य अर्थः/हेतुः); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
किम्which/what
किम्:
Karma (कर्म/प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; interrogative
सर्वथाin every way
सर्वथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; adverb (प्रकार)
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karta (कर्ता/विषयः)
TypeAdjective
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणं ‘तपः’
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karta (कर्ता/विषयः)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
तवof you/your
तव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootयुष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; षष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

A Brāhmaṇa (sage/priest encountered in the narrative)

Tattva Level: pashu

Role: teaching

FAQs

It distinguishes the intention behind austerity—whether aimed at moksha or at worldly success—implying that tapas becomes spiritually fruitful when oriented toward Shiva-realization and liberation rather than mere conquest or gain.

By questioning the goal of tapas, the verse implicitly points to Saguna Shiva worship (Linga-upasana) as a disciplined path where intention matters: devotion and surrender for purification and grace lead toward moksha, not simply ritual power for victory.

The verse suggests examining one’s sankalpa (spiritual resolve) before practice; in Shaiva contexts this is commonly expressed through steady japa of the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya) and disciplined tapas performed with the aim of purification and liberation.