Shloka 15

स्वयम्प्रभा-विमोचनम् — Svayamprabha Leads the Vanaras Out

Time-Limit Crisis and Counsel

Devanagari script

मयस्य मायाविहितं गिरिदुर्गं विचिन्वताम्।तेषां मासो व्यतिक्रान्तो यो राज्ञा समयः कृतः।।।।

Transliteration

mayasya māyāvihitaṃ giridurgaṃ vicinvatām |

teṣāṃ māso vyatikrānto yo rājñā samayaḥ kṛtaḥ ||

Translation

Ketika mereka menyelidik kubu gunung yang dibentuk oleh māyā (ilusi/seni) Maya, telah berlalu sebulan—tempoh yang ditetapkan oleh raja bagi mereka.

Word by Word

• मयस्य: of Maya
• मयस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (Genitive/सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• मायाविहितम्: constructed by magic
• मायाविहितम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: माया (प्रातिपदिक) + विहित (कृदन्त; √धा with वि)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (made by magic/illusion); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन (agreeing with गिरिदुर्गम्)

• गिरिदुर्गम्: mountain stronghold
• गिरिदुर्गम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गिरि (प्रातिपदिक) + दुर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (mountain-fort/impassable stronghold); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• विचिन्वताम्: of those searching
• विचिन्वताम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive absolute-like)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि + √चि (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle/शतृ) in षष्ठी बहुवचन (genitive plural) used as 'while/for those who are searching'

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), बहुवचन

• मासः: a month
• मासः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• व्यतिक्रान्तः: elapsed/overstepped
• व्यतिक्रान्तः: विधेय (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि + अति + √क्रम् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (agreeing with मासः)

• यः: which
• यः: सम्बन्ध (Relative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (relative pronoun)

• राज्ञा: by the king
• राज्ञा: कर्ता (Agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (Instrumental/कर्ता in passive sense), एकवचन

• समयः: time/term
• समयः: कर्ता (Kartā/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• कृतः: fixed/made
• कृतः: विधेय (Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √कृ (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (agreeing with समयः)

Context

While they were ransacking the impassable mountain created with the magical powers of Maya, the time limit of one month set by the king was over.

Characters & Entities

• Maya
• Vānaras

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Accountability to one’s pledged duty: even when obstacles are extraordinary, dharma requires awareness of commitments and time-bound responsibility.

What is the narrative situation?

The search party recognizes that their long entrapment and wandering has caused Sugrīva’s stipulated month to pass.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Truth-facing responsibility—accepting that time has elapsed rather than denying or excusing it.