Shloka 12

Devanagari script

ति तस्य ब्रुवाणस्य सुग्रीवस्य महात्मनः।अभवल्लक्ष्मणः प्रीतः प्रेम्णा चैवमुवाच ह।।।।

Transliteration

iti tasya bruvāṇasya sugrīvasya mahātmanaḥ | abhaval lakṣmaṇaḥ prītaḥ premṇā caivam uvāca ha ||

Translation

Tatkala Sugrīva yang berhati agung berkata demikian, Lakṣmaṇa pun berasa gembira lalu, dengan penuh kasih, menjawab begini.

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• इति: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (Avyaya), वाक्य-समाप्ति/उद्धरणसूचक (quotative particle)

• तस्य: of him
• तस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (Singular)

• ब्रुवाणस्य: of (him) speaking
• ब्रुवाणस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ब्रू (धातु) + शतृ (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier)

• सुग्रीवस्य: of Sugriva
• सुग्रीवस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन

• महात्मनः: of the great-souled
• महात्मनः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महात्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th), एकवचन; विशेषणम् (qualifier) सुग्रीवस्य

• अभवत्: became/was
• अभवत्: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपदम्

• लक्ष्मणः: Lakshmana
• लक्ष्मणः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लक्ष्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन

• प्रीतः: pleased
• प्रीतः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject complement)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्री (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त भूतकर्मणि/भूतभावे कृदन्त (past participle used adjectivally), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; लक्ष्मणस्य विशेषणम्

• प्रेम्णा: with affection
• प्रेम्णा: Karana (करण/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रेमन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; करण/हेतु-भाव (instrument/cause)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)

• एवम्: thus/in this way
• एवम्: Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण/Adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)

• उवाच: said/spoke
• उवाच: Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, परस्मैपदम्

• ह: indeed
• ह: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ह (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, स्मरण/निश्चयार्थक निपात (particle, emphatic/indeed)

Context

'O Sugriva, king of monkeys! when you are extending due courtesy to my brother,he has a guardian in you by all means.

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Lakṣmaṇa

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma is shown in the acceptance of sincere apology: when repentance is genuine, the righteous response is to soften anger and speak with goodwill.

What is the narrative situation?

After Sugrīva’s words of apology/explanation, Lakṣmaṇa’s mood changes from severity to pleased affection, and he prepares to respond.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Lakṣmaṇa’s self-control and fairness—he can shift from sternness to kindness when truth and humility are displayed.