Shloka 53

वर्षावर्णनम्

The Monsoon Description and Rama’s Counsel on Timing

Devanagari script

वृत्ता यात्रा नरेन्द्राणां सेना प्रतिनिवर्तते।वैराणि चैव मार्गाश्च सलिलेन समीकृताः।।

Transliteration

vṛttā yātrā narendrāṇāṃ senā pratinivartate | vairāṇi caiva mārgāś ca salilena samīkṛtāḥ ||

Translation

Perjalanan perang para raja pun terhenti; bala tentera berundur pulang. Laluan-laluan ditenggelami air, dan permusuhan seakan-akan turut diredakan.

Word by Word

• वृत्ता: ended, ceased
• वृत्ता: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वृत् (वृत् धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; ‘समाप्ता/निवृत्ता’ अर्थे

• यात्रा: expedition, campaign
• यात्रा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यात्रा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• नरेन्द्राणाम्: of kings
• नरेन्द्राणाम्: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर + इन्द्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी, बहुवचन; समासः—नराणाम् इन्द्राः (kings)

• सेना: army
• सेना: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रतिनिवर्तते: returns
• प्रतिनिवर्तते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति + नि + वृत् (वृत् धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• वैराणि: hostilities, enmities
• वैराणि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय

• एव: indeed, just
• एव: Avadhāraṇa-dyotaka (अवधारण-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (particle of emphasis)

• मार्गाः: roads, paths
• मार्गाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मार्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya-dyotaka (समुच्चय-द्योतक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक-अव्यय

• सलिलेन: by water
• सलिलेन: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सलिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• समीकृताः: made even/levelled (obliterated)
• समीकृताः: Karta-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्ता-समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम् + कृ (कृ धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; अर्थः ‘समं कृताः/समतलीकृताः’

Context

'Expeditions by kings come to a stop. The army returns. The flow of water blocks the roads. It suspends enmity (between states).

Characters & Entities

• narendra (kings)
• senā (army)
• mārga (roads)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes restraint and realism: when conditions make action harmful or futile, pausing is also righteous—force must yield to truth (satya) about circumstance.

What is the narrative situation?

Rāma describes the monsoon’s effect on travel and warfare, underscoring why movement and operations become difficult.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Prudence (nīti): recognizing limits, avoiding reckless action, and aligning effort with appropriate time.