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Shloka 20

द्वादशः सर्गः — Rama’s Proof of Power, the First Duel, and the Identification Mark

Kishkindha Kanda, Sarga 12

यन्नावगच्छत्सुग्रीवं वालिनं वापि राघवः।ततो न कृतवान्बुद्धिं मोक्तुमन्तकरं शरम्4.12.20।।

yan nāvagacchat sugrīvaṃ vālinam vāpi rāghavaḥ | tato na kṛtavān buddhiṃ moktum antakaraṃ śaram || 4.12.20 ||

Oleh sebab Rāghava tidak dapat memastikan dengan jelas yang mana Sugrīva dan yang mana Vāli, maka baginda tidak menetapkan tekad untuk melepaskan anak panah pembawa maut itu.

yatsince/because
yat:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya/relative particle introducing reason (यत्-कारण)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध)
avagacchatrecognized/distinguished
avagacchat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootava-√gam (धातु)
FormLaṅ (imperfect), prathama-puruṣa, ekavacana; upasarga: ava-
sugrīvamSugriva
sugrīvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsugrīva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana
vālinamVali
vālinam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvālin (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, disjunctive particle (विकल्प)
apialso/even
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya, particle (समुच्चय/अपि)
rāghavaḥRama (descendant of Raghu)
rāghavaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā ekavacana
tataḥtherefore/then
tataḥ:
Hetu/Anubandha (हेतु/अनुबन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya, adverb of consequence
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation
kṛtavānmade/did
kṛtavān:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√kṛ (धातु)
FormKṛdanta: past active participle (क्तवतु), Puṃliṅga Prathamā ekavacana; with implied 'asīt' = 'did/made'
buddhimdecision/intention
buddhim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbuddhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana
moktumto release
moktum:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeVerb
Root√muc (धातु)
FormTumun infinitive (तुमुन्), purpose
antakaramdeadly
antakaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootantaka + kara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa: antakaṃ karoti = 'death-causing'; Puṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of śaram
śaramarrow
śaram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Dvitīyā ekavacana

Since Rama was not able to distinguish between Vali and Sugriva, he could not decide whether he should discharge his deadly arrow .

R
Rāma (Rāghava)
S
Sugrīva
V
Vāli

FAQs

Right action requires certainty: when identification is doubtful, dharma favors restraint over irreversible violence.

During the fight, Rāma cannot distinguish Sugrīva from Vāli and therefore delays shooting.

Self-control and responsibility in the use of power.