Shloka 108

पम्पा

तीर-वर्णनम् / Rama’s Lament at Pampa and the Approach to Rishyamuka

Devanagari script

तया विहीनः कृपणः कथं लक्ष्मण धारये।या मामनुगता राज्याद्भ्रष्टं विगतचेतसम्।।।।

Transliteration

tayā vihīnaḥ kṛpaṇaḥ kathaṃ lakṣmaṇa dhāraye | yā māmanugatā rājyād bhraṣṭaṃ vigatacetasam ||

Translation

Tanpa dirinya, aku yang papa dan tidak berdaya, bagaimana dapat bertahan, wahai Lakshmana—dialah yang mengiringiku ketika aku tersingkir dari kerajaan, jiwaku pun gundah dan layu.

Word by Word

• tayā: by her / without her (lit. by her)
• tayā: Karana (करण/Instrument; separation cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• vihīnaḥ: bereft
• vihīnaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-√hā (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with implied 'aham'

• kṛpaṇaḥ: miserable, helpless
• kṛpaṇaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kṛpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• katham: how
• katham: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण/Interrogative)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: katham (अव्यय)
• Form: Interrogative adverb

• lakṣmaṇa: O Lakṣmaṇa
• lakṣmaṇa: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन/Address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: lakṣmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• dhāraye: may I sustain/bear (my life)
• dhāraye: Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √dhṛ (धातु)
• Form: Lakāra: Liṅ (लिङ्/Optative), Uttama-puruṣa (1st person/उत्तमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Parasmaipada

• yā: she who
• yā: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• mām: me
• mām: Karma (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• anugatā: followed
• anugatā: Kriyā (क्रिया/Relative clause predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu-√gam (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: Feminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• rājyāt: from the kingdom
• rājyāt: Apādāna (अपादान/Source)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rājya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhraṣṭam: fallen, deprived
• bhraṣṭam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: bhraṣṭa (कृदन्त; √bhraṃś (धातु) + क्त)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with 'mām'

• vigatacetasam: out of one’s senses, distraught
• vigatacetasam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vigata (कृदन्त; vi-√gam + क्त) + cetas (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); bahuvrīhi: 'one whose mind has gone away'

Context

'She followed me, O Lakshmana! as I was deposed from the kingdom and distraught. Now helpless, how can I live without her?

Characters & Entities

• Sita
• Lakshmana
• kingdom (rajya)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes relational duty and gratitude: Rama remembers Sita’s solidarity during his loss of power, implying an ethical bond that cannot be treated lightly.

What is the narrative situation?

Rama speaks to Lakshmana, overwhelmed by Sita’s absence and recalling her unwavering companionship during exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sita’s loyalty and Rama’s integrity in valuing that loyalty, even when he is powerless.