Ramayana — Bala Kanda, Sarga 38, Shloka 4

सगरस्य पुत्रलाभः

Sagara’s Boons, Progeny, and the Rise of the Sixty Thousand

Devanagari script

अरिष्टनेमेर्दुहिता रूपेणाप्रतिमा भुवि।द्वितीया सगरस्यासीत्पत्नी सुमतिसंज्ञिता ।।।।

Transliteration

ariṣṭanemer duhitā rūpeṇāpratimā bhuvi | dvitīyā sagarasyāsīt patnī sumatisaṃjñitā ||

Translation

Puteri Arīṣṭanemi, bernama Sumati, ialah permaisuri kedua Sagara; kecantikannya di bumi tiada bandingan.

Word by Word

• अरिष्टनेमेः: of Ariṣṭanemi
• अरिष्टनेमेः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरिष्टनेमि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (सम्बन्ध), एकवचन

• दुहिता: daughter
• दुहिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहिता (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• रूपेण: by beauty, in appearance
• रूपेण: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन

• अप्रतिमा: incomparable
• अप्रतिमा: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ + प्रतिमा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-समासयुक्त विशेषण (incomparable)

• भुवि: on earth
• भुवि: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भू (प्रातिपदिक: भुव्/भू)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (अधिकरण), एकवचन

• द्वितीया: second
• द्वितीया: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (of patnī)

• सगरस्य: of Sagara
• सगरस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सगर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आसीत्: was
• आसीत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• पत्नी: wife
• पत्नी: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पत्नी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सुमतिसंज्ञिता: named Sumati
• सुमतिसंज्ञिता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सुमति + संज्ञित (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तृतीया-तत्पुरुषः (सुमतिना संज्ञिता = named Sumati)

Context

The daughter of Arishtanemi named Sumati was the second wife of Sagara and none surpassed her in charm on earth.

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Sagara
• Sumati
• Arīṣṭanemi

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Though the verse foregrounds description and lineage, it supports the epic’s dharmic framing of royal households: persons are situated within lawful marriage, dynasty, and social order.

What is the narrative situation?

Viśvāmitra identifies Sagara’s second wife, Sumati, and notes her exceptional beauty.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Not a moral virtue directly, but a narrative emphasis on royal distinction and auspicious attributes associated with queens.