Shloka 31
Exposition of the Duties of Ascetics
Saṃnyāsa-Dharma
एकान्नं वर्जयेन्नित्यं कामं क्रोधं परिग्रहम् । एकवासा द्विवासा वा शिखी यज्ञोपवीतवान् । कमंडलुकरो विद्वांस्त्रिदंडो याति तत्परम्
ekānnaṃ varjayennityaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ parigraham | ekavāsā dvivāsā vā śikhī yajñopavītavān | kamaṃḍalukaro vidvāṃstridaṃḍo yāti tatparam
Hendaklah dia sentiasa menghindari makan hanya satu jenis makanan, serta meninggalkan nafsu, kemarahan dan parigraha (keterikatan pada milik). Dengan satu atau dua helai pakaian, menyimpan śikhā, dan memakai yajñopavīta; membawa kamaṇḍalu, sebagai orang berilmu, memegang tri-daṇḍa, dia melangkah dengan tekad tunggal menuju matlamat tertinggi itu.
Unspecified (narrative instruction within Svarga-khaṇḍa; likely within the Pulastya–Bhīṣma dialogue frame)
Concept: Sannyāsa is safeguarded by inner renunciation (kāma-krodha-parigraha-tyāga) and outer simplicity, aimed at the supreme goal.
Application: Reduce possessions and reactive emotions; keep daily rules simple; choose one spiritual aim and align dress, speech, and consumption to it.
Primary Rasa: shanta
Secondary Rasa: vira
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"An ascetic with a calm, inward gaze walks a forest path toward a distant, radiant Vishnu-temple silhouette, carrying a kamaṇḍalu and tri-daṇḍa. His simple one or two garments flutter lightly; the śikhā and yajñopavīta are visible, while shadowy personifications of kāma, krodha, and parigraha fall away behind him like discarded chains.","primary_figures":["Yati (ascetic)","Allegorical Kāma","Allegorical Krodha","Allegorical Parigraha","Vishnu (as distant supreme goal, symbolic)"],"setting":"Forest-edge pilgrimage path leading toward a luminous shrine on a hill; sparse hermitage elements (kusha grass, small fire-altar remnants).","lighting_mood":"golden dawn","color_palette":["ochre saffron","forest green","smoke gray","conch white","golden light"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: a serene yati with śikhā and yajñopavīta, holding tri-daṇḍa and kamaṇḍalu, walking toward a small Vishnu sanctum glowing with gold leaf; rich vermilion and emerald borders, gem-studded ornaments on the distant Vishnu icon, embossed halos, ornate floral motifs framing the renunciation scene.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: slender ascetic in simple cloth on a winding path through delicate Himalayan-like foothills; soft washes, lyrical trees, distant temple with a faint Vishnu aura; refined facial features, cool morning mist, subtle allegorical figures of desire and anger dissolving into the landscape.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlined yati with tri-daṇḍa and kamaṇḍalu, stylized forest and temple gateway; Vishnu’s presence as a radiant emblem (śaṅkha-cakra) in the sky; natural pigment palette with strong reds, yellows, greens, and characteristic large eyes conveying śānta-rasa.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: central path bordered by lotus and tulasi motifs; a small Vishnu/Śrī icon at the top center with deep blue aura; the yati below in saffron tones; intricate floral borders, peacocks at the edges, gold detailing emphasizing the ‘supreme goal’ as a luminous mandala."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"meditative","suggested_raga":"Yaman","pace":"slow-meditative","voice_tone":"serene","sound_elements":["soft temple bells","forest birds","gentle wind","distant conch shell","silence between phrases"]}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: ekānnaṃ → eka-annam; varjayen(nityaṃ) normalized to varjayet + nityam (sense: ‘should always avoid’). vidvāṃs-tridaṃḍo → vidvān + tri-daṇḍaḥ. tatparam → tat-param.
FAQs
It outlines an ascetic/renunciant discipline: restraining desire, anger, and possessiveness; living simply with minimal clothing; maintaining traditional marks (śikhā, yajñopavīta); and carrying the kamaṇḍalu and tridaṇḍa as signs of disciplined spiritual life.
The core ethical teaching is inner renunciation—overcoming lust, anger, and acquisitiveness—supported by a life of simplicity and focused commitment to the highest spiritual aim.
“Tridaṇḍa” literally means “three staffs” and commonly signifies disciplined control (often understood as body, speech, and mind) and a formal renunciant commitment directed toward liberation or the supreme goal.