Shloka 18

Glorification of Prayāga

The Gaṅgā–Yamunā Confluence

Devanagari script

तथा नागाश्च सिद्धाश्च सुपर्णाः खेचराश्च ये । सरितः सागराः शैला नागा विद्याधरास्तथा

Transliteration

tathā nāgāśca siddhāśca suparṇāḥ khecarāśca ye | saritaḥ sāgarāḥ śailā nāgā vidyādharāstathā

Translation

Demikian juga para Nāga dan Siddha, para Suparṇa serta segala makhluk pengembara di angkasa; sungai-sungai, lautan-lautan, gunung-ganang, dan juga para Nāga serta Vidyādhara.

Word by Word

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक

• नागाः: Nāgas (serpent-beings)
• नागाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• सिद्धाः: Siddhas (perfected beings)
• सिद्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सिद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• सुपर्णाः: Suparṇas (great birds)
• सुपर्णाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुपर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• खेचराः: sky-goers
• खेचराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ख (प्रातिपदिक) + चर (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (खे चरन्ति) ‘sky-goers’

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, समुच्चय

• ये: who/which
• ये: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun: who/which)

• सरितः: rivers
• सरितः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरित् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• सागराः: oceans
• सागराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सागर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• शैलाः: mountains
• शैलाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• नागाः: Nāgas
• नागाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विद्या-धराः: Vidyādharas
• विद्या-धराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या (प्रातिपदिक) + धर (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (विद्यां धरन्ति) ‘knowledge-bearers’

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Prakāra (प्रकार)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, प्रकारवाचक

Speaker

Unspecified (context-dependent within Adhyaya 43; likely narration within the Pulastya–Bhīṣma frame common to the Padma Purāṇa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: नागाश्च = नागाः + च. सिद्धाश्च = सिद्धाः + च. खेचराश्च = खेचराः + च. विद्याधरास्तथा = विद्याधराः + तथा.

Characters & Entities

• Nāga
• Siddha
• Suparṇa
• Khecara
• Sarita (rivers)
• Sāgara (oceans)
• Śaila (mountains)
• Vidyādhara

FAQs

Why does this verse list both beings (Nāgas, Siddhas) and natural features (rivers, oceans, mountains)?

It presents an encyclopedic sweep typical of the Padma Purāṇa, grouping sentient celestial classes and major cosmic/geographical features together as parts of an ordered universe.

Who are the Khecaras and Vidyādharas mentioned here?

Khecaras are “sky-movers,” a broad category for aerial/celestial beings; Vidyādharas are semi-divine beings famed for possessing vidyā (occult knowledge, magical arts) and moving through the skies.

What theological emphasis does this verse carry in the Svarga-khaṇḍa context?

Rather than a direct doctrinal claim, it supports the Svarga-khaṇḍa’s cosmological tone by cataloging the inhabitants and structures of the cosmos, reinforcing the Purāṇic vision of a populated, multi-layered universe.