Shloka 40

Brahmin Right Conduct: Morning Remembrance, Bathing, Purification, and Tarpaṇa Method

Devanagari script

वत्सरैकममायां तु तर्पयेद्यस्तिलैः पितृन् । विनायकत्वमाप्नोति सर्वदेवैः प्रपूज्यते

Transliteration

vatsaraikamamāyāṃ tu tarpayedyastilaiḥ pitṛn | vināyakatvamāpnoti sarvadevaiḥ prapūjyate

Translation

Namun sesiapa pada hari Amāvasyā selama genap setahun mempersembahkan tarpaṇa kepada para Pitṛ dengan biji bijan, dia mencapai martabat Vināyaka dan dipuja oleh sekalian dewa.

Word by Word

• वत्सर-एकम्: for one year
• वत्सर-एकम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वत्सर + एक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (एकः वत्सरः)

• अमायाम्: on the new-moon day
• अमायाम्: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमा/अमावास्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (locative: 'on Amā')

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, विरोध/विशेषार्थक (particle: 'but/indeed')

• तर्पयेत्: should satisfy (offer)
• तर्पयेत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तृप् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• यः: who
• यः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• तिलैः: with sesame (seeds)
• तिलैः: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तिल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• पितॄन्: the ancestors
• पितॄन्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• विनायकत्वम्: the status of Vināyaka (leadership)
• विनायकत्वम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनायकत्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• आप्नोति: attains
• आप्नोति: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• सर्व-देवैः: by all the gods
• सर्व-देवैः: Karaṇa/Agent (करण/कर्तृ-हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व + देव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (सर्वे देवाः)

• प्रपूज्यते: is greatly worshipped
• प्रपूज्यते: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पूज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (Passive)

Speaker

Unspecified (context-dependent within Adhyāya 49 narration)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: वत्सरैकममायां → वत्सर-एकम् + अमायाम्; तर्पयेद्यः → तर्पयेत् + यः; विनायकत्वमाप्नोति → विनायकत्वम् + आप्नोति.

Characters & Entities

• Pitṛs
• Vināyaka
• Devas

FAQs

What practice is prescribed in this verse?

It prescribes performing Pitṛ-tarpaṇa—offering libations to one’s ancestors—on Amāvāsyā (new-moon day) using sesame seeds, continued for one year.

Why are sesame seeds (tila) significant in Pitṛ rites?

In Dharma-śāstra and Purāṇic ritual language, tila is a standard, auspicious substance for ancestral offerings, symbolizing purification and suitability for Pitṛ-related rites.

What is the promised result (phala) of this observance?

The verse states that the practitioner attains “vināyakatva” (a leading/exalted status termed Vināyaka) and becomes worthy of honour even among the gods.