Shloka 92

Viśokā Dvādaśī Vow, Guḍa-Dhenū (Jaggery-Cow) Gift, and Śaila-Dāna (Mountain-Charity) Rites

Devanagari script

धान्यद्रोणसहस्रेण भवेद्गिरिरिहोत्तमः । मध्यमः पंचशतकैः कनिष्ठश्च त्रिभिः शतैः

Transliteration

dhānyadroṇasahasreṇa bhavedgiririhottamaḥ | madhyamaḥ paṃcaśatakaiḥ kaniṣṭhaśca tribhiḥ śataiḥ

Translation

Di sini, timbunan (gunung) yang dibuat dengan seribu droṇa bijirin dianggap paling utama; yang dibuat dengan lima ratus adalah pertengahan; dan yang dibuat dengan tiga ratus adalah yang paling rendah.

Word by Word

• dhānya-droṇa-sahasreṇa: by a thousand droṇa-measures of grain
• dhānya-droṇa-sahasreṇa: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dhānya (प्रातिपदिक) + droṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + sahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया (करण) एकवचनम्; समासः—धान्यस्य द्रोणानां सहस्रेण (instrumental: ‘by/with a thousand droṇa-measures of grain’)

• bhavet: would be / should be
• bhavet: Kriyā (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुषः, एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्

• giriḥ: mountain
• giriḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: giri (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्

• iha: here
• iha: Adhikaraṇa (Location/अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषणम् (adverb of place)

• uttamaḥ: best / highest
• uttamaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; विशेषणम् (qualifying giriḥ)

• madhyamaḥ: middling / medium
• madhyamaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: madhyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; (elliptic: giriḥ) विशेषणम्

• paṃca-śatakaiḥ: by five hundreds (i.e., by 500s)
• paṃca-śatakaiḥ: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: paṃca (संख्या) + śataka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; द्विगुसमासः (five hundreds); करणवाचक

• kaniṣṭhaḥ: smallest / lowest
• kaniṣṭhaḥ: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kaniṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम्; (elliptic: giriḥ) विशेषणम्

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्ययम्; समुच्चयार्थक निपातः (conjunction)

• tribhiḥ: by three
• tribhiḥ: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tri (संख्या)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; संख्याविशेषणम् (qualifying śataiḥ)

• śataiḥ: hundreds
• śataiḥ: Karaṇa (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया बहुवचनम्; करणवाचक

Speaker

Unspecified (context not provided; likely within a didactic dialogue typical of Sṛṣṭikhaṇḍa)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: भवेद्गिरिरिहोत्तमः = भवेत् + गिरिः + इह + उत्तमः; कनिष्ठश्च = कनिष्ठः + च; पंचशतकैः = पञ्च + शतकैः; त्रिभिः शतैः (no sandhi).

FAQs

What is a droṇa in this verse?

A droṇa is a traditional Indian dry-measure used for commodities like grain. The verse uses it to quantify the size/merit-ranking of a grain-mound offering.

What is being graded as best, middling, and least?

The verse grades the offering (a ‘mountain’ or heap of grain) by quantity: 1000 droṇas (best), 500 (middling), and 300 (least).

What ethical lesson does the verse imply?

It implies that generosity is evaluated by measurable commitment and capacity—greater, well-intentioned giving is praised—while still recognizing smaller offerings as valid within a graded framework.