Shloka 23

The Glory of Lamp-Donation

in Kārttika

Devanagari script

निर्मितं कनकैः शुद्धैः कामगं कृपया हरेः । पाशं छित्वा ततो दूताः प्रोचुस्ते यमकिंकरान्

Transliteration

nirmitaṃ kanakaiḥ śuddhaiḥ kāmagaṃ kṛpayā hareḥ | pāśaṃ chitvā tato dūtāḥ procuste yamakiṃkarān

Translation

Dengan belas kasih Hari, terciptalah wahana samawi yang bergerak menurut kehendak, diperbuat daripada emas murni. Lalu para utusan itu memutuskan jerat dan berkata kepada para pengikut Yama.

Word by Word

• nirmitam: made, constructed
• nirmitam: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of vimānam)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir-√mā (धातु) → nirmita (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (क्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; here as predicate/qualifier of vimānam (understood) = 'constructed/made'

• kanakaiḥ: with gold
• kanakaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kanaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• śuddhaiḥ: pure
• śuddhaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण) (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: śuddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; agrees with kanakaiḥ

• kāmagam: moving at will
• kāmagam: Karma (कर्म) (qualifier of vimānam)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: kāma (प्रातिपदिक) + ga (√gam धातु, क्विप्/प्रातिपदिक 'going')
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (kāmena gamyate / kāmānusāreṇa gacchati) = 'moving at will'

• kṛpayā: by (his) compassion
• kṛpayā: Karaṇa (करण) / Hetu (हेतु) (means/cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kṛpā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• hareḥ: of Hari (Viṣṇu)
• hareḥ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध) (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• pāśam: noose/bond
• pāśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• chitvā: having cut (off)
• chitvā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण) (prior action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √chid (धातु) → chitvā
• Form: क्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund) = 'having cut'

• tataḥ: then
• tataḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) = 'then/thereupon/from that'

• dūtāḥ: the messengers
• dūtāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन

• procuḥ: said, spoke
• procuḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-√vac (धातु) → perfect base (procuḥ)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/लिट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन; parasmaipada

• te: to them
• te: Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान) (recipient)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun = 'to them'

• yamakiṃkarān: Yama's servants
• yamakiṃkarān: Karma (कर्म) / Pratiyogin (प्रत्ययोगिन्) (object addressed/target)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yama (प्रातिपदिक) + kiṃkara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (yamasya kiṃkarān) = 'servants of Yama'

Speaker

Narrator (contextual; specific speaker not stated in the provided single verse)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: celestial_realm

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: procus te → procuḥ + te (visarga sandhi).

Characters & Entities

• Hari (Viṣṇu)
• Yama
• Yama-kinkaras (Yama’s attendants)
• Dūtas (messengers)

FAQs

What is the significance of ‘cutting the noose’ (pāśaṃ chitvā) in this verse?

It symbolizes release from binding karmic consequence and the authority of Yama’s agents—depicting divine intervention that frees a being from punitive restraint.

Who is ‘Hari’ here, and why is his compassion emphasized?

Hari refers to Viṣṇu. The verse highlights that liberation and protection are ultimately grounded in divine grace (kṛpā), not merely in force or negotiation.

What theological theme does the ‘wish-fulfilling, golden conveyance’ suggest?

It suggests a divinely provided means of safe passage and upliftment—an image often used to convey protection, auspicious transition, and the supremacy of Viṣṇu’s grace over fearsome afterlife powers.