Shloka 8

The Glory of the Divine Name and the Doctrine of Name-Offenses

Nāma-aparādha

Devanagari script

श्रीसनत्कुमार उवाच । शृणु नारद गोविंद प्रिय गोविंदधर्मवित् । यत्पृष्टं लोकनिर्मुक्तिकारणं तमसः परम्

Transliteration

śrīsanatkumāra uvāca | śṛṇu nārada goviṃda priya goviṃdadharmavit | yatpṛṣṭaṃ lokanirmuktikāraṇaṃ tamasaḥ param

Translation

Śrī Sanatkumāra bersabda: Dengarlah, wahai Nārada—kekasih Govinda, yang mengetahui dharma Govinda—akan apa yang engkau tanyakan: Hakikat Tertinggi melampaui kegelapan, punca pembebasan daripada ikatan duniawi.

Word by Word

• श्री-सनत्कुमारः: Venerable Sanatkumāra
• श्री-सनत्कुमारः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्री + सनत्कुमार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); honorific श्री- prefix

• उवाच: said
• उवाच: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Liṭ-lakāra (लिट्/Perfect), Prathama-puruṣa (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• शृणु: listen
• शृणु: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ-lakāra (लोट्/Imperative), Madhyama-puruṣa (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• नारद: O Nārada
• नारद: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नारद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• गोविंद: O Govinda (addressing Nārada as devoted to Govinda)
• गोविंद: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोविन्द (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• प्रिय: O dear one
• प्रिय: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• गोविंदधर्मवित्: O knower of Govinda’s dharma
• गोविंदधर्मवित्: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोविन्द + धर्म + विद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन); multi-member tatpuruṣa: गोविन्दस्य धर्मः (गोविन्दधर्मः) तं वेत्ति इति (धर्मवित्) → 'knower of Govinda's dharma'

• यत्: that which
• यत्: Karma (कर्म) (of implied 'to be answered')
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्-शब्द), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); correlates with implied तत्

• पृष्टम्: asked
• पृष्टम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रच्छ् (धातु) + क्त (कृत् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Kṛdanta: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); qualifies यत्

• लोकनिर्मुक्तिकारणम्: the cause of the world’s liberation
• लोकनिर्मुक्तिकारणम्: Karta (कर्ता) (as predicate-nominative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक + निर्मुक्ति + कारण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); multi-member tatpuruṣa: लोकस्य निर्मुक्तिः (लोकनिर्मुक्तिः) तस्य कारणम् = लोकनिर्मुक्तिकारणम्; in apposition to यत् पृष्टम्

• तमसः: from darkness / ignorance
• तमसः: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• परम्: supreme / beyond
• परम्: Karta (कर्ता) (as predicate qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); agrees with (यत्/कारणम्)

Speaker

Sanatkumāra

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: śrīsanatkumāra → श्री- + सनत्कुमारः; yatpṛṣṭaṃ → यत् पृष्टम्; goviṃdadharmavit → गोविन्द + धर्मवित् (compound).

Characters & Entities

• Sanatkumāra
• Nārada
• Govinda

FAQs

Who is speaking in this verse, and to whom?

Sanatkumāra is speaking to the sage Nārada, addressing him as beloved of Govinda and knowledgeable in Govinda’s dharma.

What is meant by “tamasaḥ param” in this context?

It indicates the supreme, transcendent principle beyond tamas—darkness or ignorance—implying a reality that dispels spiritual ignorance and leads to liberation.

What is the central teaching introduced by this verse?

It introduces an explanation of what Nārada asked: the highest truth that functions as the cause of release (mokṣa) from worldly bondage.