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Shloka 21

Means of Liberation in Kali-yuga: Satsanga, Hearing Kṛṣṇa-kathā, and the Marks of a Vaiṣṇava

हिंसादंभकामक्रोधैर्वर्जिताश्चैव ये नराः । लोभमोहपरित्यक्ता ज्ञेयास्ते वैष्णवा द्विज

hiṃsādaṃbhakāmakrodhairvarjitāścaiva ye narāḥ | lobhamohaparityaktā jñeyāste vaiṣṇavā dvija

Wahai brāhmaṇa yang dua kali lahir, mereka yang bebas daripada kekerasan, kemunafikan, nafsu dan kemarahan, serta telah meninggalkan loba dan moha—ketahuilah, merekalah Vaiṣṇava.

हिंसाviolence
हिंसा:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन — समासपूर्वपद (instrumental plural in compound context)
दंभhypocrisy/pretence
दंभ:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootदंभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन — समासपूर्वपद
कामdesire
काम:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootकाम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन — समासपूर्वपद
क्रोधैःby anger(s)
क्रोधैः:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन
वर्जिताःdevoid of/avoiding
वर्जिताः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootवर्जित (वर्ज् धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle)
and
:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चयार्थक/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (emphatic particle)
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धबोधक सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
नराःmen/persons
नराः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
लोभgreed
लोभ:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootलोभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — समासपूर्वपद (as member of compound)
मोहdelusion
मोह:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमोह (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन — समासपूर्वपद
परित्यक्ताःhaving abandoned (greed and delusion)
परित्यक्ताः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरित्यक्त (परि+त्यज् धातु, क्त-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त; समास: लोभ-मोह-परित्यक्त (objects abandoned)
ज्ञेयाःare to be known/recognized
ज्ञेयाः:
Pradhana-predicative (Predicate)
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञेय (ज्ञा धातु, यत्-प्रत्यय; कृदन्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; विधिलिङ्गार्थक/कर्तव्यताबोधक (gerundive: ‘to be known’)
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; निर्देशार्थक सर्वनाम (demonstrative)
वैष्णवाःVaiṣṇavas/devotees of Viṣṇu
वैष्णवाः:
Pradhana-predicative (Predicate Noun)
TypeNoun
Rootवैष्णव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
द्विजO twice-born (brāhmaṇa)
द्विज:
Sambodhana (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

Unspecified (narrative voice addressing a brāhmaṇa as 'dvija')

Concept: A Vaiṣṇava is recognized by moral purification: nonviolence, sincerity, mastery over lust and anger, and freedom from greed and delusion.

Application: Daily audit of triggers: reduce harm in speech/action, practice truthful simplicity, adopt anger-cooling disciplines (japa, breath, pause), and limit consumption that feeds lobha/moha.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A calm Vaiṣṇava devotee sits in meditation beside a still lotus pond; around him, symbolic figures of anger and greed appear as fading shadows, unable to approach. His forehead bears ūrdhva-puṇḍra, and a soft conch-and-chakra aura suggests inner alignment with Viṣṇu’s order.","primary_figures":["meditating Vaiṣṇava devotee","symbolic personifications of krodha/lobha/moha (shadowy, dissolving)","Vishnu (subtle aura symbols)"],"setting":"Quiet hermitage garden with lotus pond, tulasi shrubs, simple thatched hut, deer and birds nearby.","lighting_mood":"golden dawn","color_palette":["pale gold","lotus pink","sage green","smoke grey","sky blue"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: central meditating devotee with tulasi-mālā and ūrdhva-puṇḍra, seated on a lotus pedestal; gold leaf halo with conch and chakra motifs; surrounding vices shown as small dark figures retreating; rich crimson and emerald accents, ornate border with lotus vines.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: serene garden by a lotus pond at dawn, delicate flora and fauna; devotee’s calm face rendered with refined lines; shadowy vices fade into mist; cool blues and greens with gentle pink highlights.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: devotee in yogic posture with bold outlines; symbolic krodha/lobha as stylized dark forms at the margins; warm yellow-red background gradients, green foliage, iconic eye shapes and temple-wall symmetry.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: central lotus-seat devotee framed by elaborate lotus borders; peacocks and cows in calm poses; deep blue field with gold floral filigree; conch-chakra motifs repeated as pattern, vices depicted as fading dark motifs at corners."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"meditative","suggested_raga":"Bhupali","pace":"slow-meditative","voice_tone":"serene","sound_elements":["flowing water","birds","tanpura drone","soft hand cymbals (manjira)","long pauses"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: हिंसादंभकामक्रोधैः = हिंसा + दंभ + काम + क्रोधैः (समाहार/समुच्चय; तृतीया बहुवचन); वर्जिताः च एव → वर्जिताश्चैव; ज्ञेयाः ते → ज्ञेयास्ते.

V
Vaiṣṇava (devotees of Viṣṇu)

FAQs

It defines a Vaiṣṇava by ethical purification: freedom from हिंसा (violence), दम्भ (hypocrisy), काम (lust), क्रोध (anger), and the abandonment of लोभ (greed) and मोह (delusion).

The verse teaches that devotion is validated by character—especially non-violence, sincerity, and mastery over inner enemies like desire, anger, greed, and delusion.

It presents bhakti as inseparable from virtues: a devotee of Viṣṇu is recognized not merely by ritual identity but by transformed conduct and inner detachment.