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Shloka 4

The Deeds of Sukalā in the Vena Narrative: Battle, Liberation of the Boar-King, and Gandharva-Kingship

निशितेन शरेण हतो हि यदा नृपतेर्हयपादतले प्रगतः । तमिहैव विलंघ्य च वेगमनाः प्रखरेण जवेन च कोलवरः

niśitena śareṇa hato hi yadā nṛpaterhayapādatale pragataḥ | tamihaiva vilaṃghya ca vegamanāḥ prakhareṇa javena ca kolavaraḥ

Apabila dia dipanah dengan anak panah tajam ketika mara hingga ke bawah tapak kuda raja, Kolavara—dengan fikiran terpaut pada kelajuan—melompati dia di situ juga lalu meneruskan larian dengan kepantasan yang garang.

निशितेनwith the sharp
निशितेन:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, neuter; used adjectivally)
शरेणby an arrow
शरेण:
करण (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootशर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masculine)
हतःwas struck/killed
हतः:
कर्मणि-प्रयोगे कर्तृस्थ-विशेषणम् (Predicate/Result state)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु) → हत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः भूतकर्मणि कृदन्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (Past passive participle; nominative singular masculine)
हिindeed
हि:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपातः (particle/emphasis)
यदाwhen
यदा:
कालाधिकरण (Time adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्ययम् (temporal adverb/conjunction: 'when')
नृपतेःof the king
नृपतेः:
षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध (Possessor/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootनृपति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे षष्ठी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Genitive singular, masculine)
हयपादतलेon the sole of the horse’s hoof/foot
हयपादतले:
अधिकरण (Location/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootहय + पाद + तल (प्रातिपदिकानि)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे सप्तमी-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Locative singular, neuter); समासः: हयस्य पादस्य तलम् (tatpuruṣa)
प्रगतःhaving gone/advanced
प्रगतः:
कर्मणि/अवस्था (State/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + गम् (धातु) → प्रगत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्तः; पुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा एकवचनम् (Past participle; nominative singular masculine)
तम्him/that one
तम्:
कर्म (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे द्वितीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Accusative singular, masculine pronoun)
इहhere
इह:
देशाधिकरण (Place adjunct)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्ययम् (adverb of place)
एवjust/indeed
एव:
निपात (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-निपातः (restrictive particle)
विलङ्घ्यhaving leapt over
विलङ्घ्य:
पूर्वकाल-क्रिया (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Rootवि + लङ्घ् (धातु) → विलङ्घ्य (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्तः अव्ययभावः (gerund/absolutive: 'having leapt over')
and
:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
वेगमनाःswift-minded
वेगमनाः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootवेग + मनस् (प्रातिपदिकानि)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, masculine); समासः: वेगः मनसि यस्य/वेगेन मनः (tatpuruṣa; 'swift-minded')
प्रखरेणwith fierce
प्रखरेण:
करण (Instrument/Means)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रखर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, neuter; used adjectivally)
जवेनspeed
जवेन:
करण (Instrument/Means)
TypeNoun
Rootजव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे तृतीया-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Instrumental singular, masculine)
and
:
समुच्चय (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
कोलवरःKolavara (a boar/boar-hero name)
कोलवरः:
कर्ता (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकोलवर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गे प्रथमा-विभक्तिः एकवचनम् (Nominative singular, masculine)

Narratorial voice (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Concept: Even when struck down, the force of prior impulse (saṃskāra/vega) drives action; worldly speed cannot ultimately outrun death, but it shapes the narrative toward its destined end.

Application: Cultivate momentum in wholesome directions (practice, prayer, discipline), because habits carry one forward even under pressure; redirect ‘speed’ toward sādhana.

Primary Rasa: vira

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A sharp arrow flashes; a figure collapses beneath the pounding hooves, yet in the same breath Kolavara vaults forward—an explosive leap over the fallen body. Dust spirals around the horse’s legs as the boar-warrior’s ferocity becomes a blur of motion.","primary_figures":["Kolavara","Kṣatriya king","Horse","Fallen warrior (beneath hooves)"],"setting":"Close-up battlefield vignette focused on hooves, arrow-flight, and the leaping figure; churned earth and scattered shafts.","lighting_mood":"harsh midday glare through dust","color_palette":["sun-bleached sand","blood crimson","charcoal black","bronze","ashen white"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: dramatic freeze-frame of Kolavara mid-leap over a fallen body near the king’s horse; gold leaf highlights on arrowhead, armor edges, and royal ornaments; saturated reds and greens; ornate arch-like frame with lotus and conch motifs.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: dynamic diagonal composition—arrow line leading to the fallen figure, Kolavara arcing over; delicate stippling for dust; restrained palette with crisp detailing on textiles and tack; distant soldiers as tiny silhouettes.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold contour lines emphasizing the leap; stylized horse legs and swirling dust motifs; strong red-yellow-green blocks; expressive eyes and exaggerated gesture to convey speed and shock.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: narrative panel with decorative dust-cloud patterns; border of lotus vines and subtle Vaishnava emblems; deep indigo background with gold accents, making the arrow’s path a luminous line."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"dramatic","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"fast-dramatic","voice_tone":"emotional","sound_elements":["whistling arrow","hoof thunder","shouts","metal clang","dusty wind"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: नृपतेर्हयपादतले = नृपतेः + हयपादतले; तमिहैव = तम् + इह + एव; विलंघ्य → विलङ्घ्य (अनुस्वार/ङ्-आदेश); वेगमनाः treated as समास (वेग+मनस्).

N
nṛpati (king)
K
Kolavara

FAQs

In this excerpt, Kolavara appears as a named figure acting swiftly in a battle-like scene; the verse portrays him as driven by speed, leaping over a fallen/struck person and rushing onward.

A person is struck down by a sharp arrow beneath the king’s horse’s hoof, and Kolavara immediately leaps over him and continues forward at great speed.

Not directly; it is primarily narrative and kinetic. Any broader ethical or spiritual inference would depend on the surrounding verses and the larger episode in Adhyaya 44.