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Shloka 23

Devanagari script

ममापि दुःखदंह्येतद्दैवाज्जल्पाम्यहं शुभे । कस्येष्टमात्महननं कस्येष्टं विषभक्षणम् ॥ २३ ॥

Transliteration

mamāpi duḥkhadaṃhyetaddaivājjalpāmyahaṃ śubhe | kasyeṣṭamātmahananaṃ kasyeṣṭaṃ viṣabhakṣaṇam || 23 ||

Translation

Ini menyakitkan bahkan bagiku; namun, kerana takdir, aku membicarakannya, wahai yang bertuah. Siapakah yang mahukan kemusnahan diri? Siapakah yang mahu meminum racun?

Word by Word
ममof me / my
मम:
सम्बन्ध (षष्ठी/Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन (Singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अपिalso, even
अपि:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), समुच्चय/अपि-अर्थ (also/even)
दुःखदम्painful, causing sorrow
दुःखदम्:
विशेषण (adjectival predicate to एतत्)
TypeAdjective
Rootदुःखद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; विशेषण (adjective)
हिindeed, for
हि:
अव्यय-सम्बन्ध (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), हेत्वर्थ/निश्चयार्थ (indeed/for)
एतत्this
एतत्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
दैवात्from fate, due to destiny
दैवात्:
हेतु/कारण (Cause/हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; कारणार्थे पञ्चमी (ablative of cause)
जल्पामिI speak, I utter
जल्पामि:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootजल्प् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
अहम्I
अहम्:
कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
शुभेO auspicious one
शुभे:
सम्बोधन (Address/Vocative)
TypeNoun
Rootशुभ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), सम्बोधन (Vocative), एकवचन; विशेषणवत् सम्बोधन (address)
कस्यof whom? whose?
कस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक (Masc/Neut), षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम
इष्टम्desired, agreeable
इष्टम्:
विशेषण (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √इष्/इच्छ्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) अर्थे ‘प्रियम्/desired’
आत्म-हननम्self-killing, suicide
आत्म-हननम्:
कर्ता-प्रश्नार्थे कर्म/विषय (topic/object of ‘इष्टम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक) + हनन (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √हन्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (self’s killing)
कस्यof whom? whose?
कस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation)
TypeNoun
Rootकिम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; प्रश्नवाचक
इष्टम्desired, agreeable
इष्टम्:
विशेषण (predicate adjective)
TypeAdjective
Rootइष्ट (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √इष्/इच्छ्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त
विष-भक्षणम्eating poison
विष-भक्षणम्:
कर्ता-प्रश्नार्थे कर्म/विषय (topic/object of ‘इष्टम्’)
TypeNoun
Rootविष (प्रातिपदिक) + भक्षण (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √भक्ष्)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (poison-eating)
Speaker

Unspecified narrator/speaker within the Adhyaya (addressing a woman as 'śubhe')

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: none

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

FAQs

It frames despair and self-destructive impulses as unnatural to the soul’s welfare, stressing that even painful truths may be spoken when prompted by daiva (destiny), to redirect one toward dharma and life-preserving conduct.

By rejecting self-harm as ‘undesirable,’ the verse implicitly points to choosing life, repentance, and refuge—attitudes that mature into surrender and steadiness, which are foundational for Vishnu-bhakti in Purāṇic teaching.

The verse is primarily ethical (nīti/dharma) rather than technical Vedāṅga instruction; it uses clear rhetorical questioning (vyākaraṇa-informed clarity of expression) to teach a practical takeaway: avoid harmful acts and choose dharmic remedies.

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