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Shloka 10

Tithi-vicara

Determination of Tithi for Fasts, Parana, and Pitri Rites

Devanagari script

मूलं हि पितृतृप्त्यर्थं विज्ञेयं धर्मकांक्षिभिः । पूर्वविद्धा न कर्तव्या द्वितीया चाष्टमी तथा ॥ १० ॥

Transliteration

mūlaṃ hi pitṛtṛptyarthaṃ vijñeyaṃ dharmakāṃkṣibhiḥ | pūrvaviddhā na kartavyā dvitīyā cāṣṭamī tathā || 10 ||

Translation

Orang yang mendambakan dharma hendaklah mengetahui bahawa upacara yang berkaitan dengan Mūla adalah untuk memuaskan para Pitṛ (leluhur). Selain itu, Dvitīyā dan Aṣṭamī tidak wajar diamalkan apabila ia pūrvaviddhā, yakni tithi telah bermula sebelum waktu sandhi yang ditetapkan.

Word by Word
मूलम्the root/primary (tithi)
मूलम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमूल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
हिindeed/for
हि:
Sambandha/Emphasis (सम्बन्ध/बलार्थक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle), अव्यय
पितृ-तृप्ति-अर्थम्for the purpose of satisfying the ancestors
पितृ-तृप्ति-अर्थम्:
Prayojana (प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक) + तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक) + अर्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; तृप्त्यर्थम् = प्रयोजनार्थे (for the purpose)
विज्ञेयम्should be known
विज्ञेयम्:
Vidheyavishaya (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Root√ज्ञा (धातु) + वि (उपसर्ग) ; विज्ञेय (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/विधेय (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; कर्मणि-भावे ‘should be known’
धर्म-काङ्क्षिभिःby those who desire dharma
धर्म-काङ्क्षिभिः:
Karana/Agent-instrument (करण/कर्तृसाधन)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + काङ्क्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/तृतीया), बहुवचन; काङ्क्षिन् = इच्छुक (desirer)
पूर्व-विद्धाthe earlier-occurring (tithi)
पूर्व-विद्धा:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + विद्ध (कृदन्त, √व्यध्/√विद् ‘to pierce/mark’)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘पूर्वेण विद्धा’ = earlier-touched/occurring earlier (tithi)
नnot
न:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
कर्तव्याshould be performed/observed
कर्तव्या:
Vidhi (विधि)
TypeAdjective
Root√कृ (धातु) ; कर्तव्य (कृदन्त)
Formभाव्य/विधेय (gerundive), स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘should be done/observed’
द्वितीयाthe 2nd lunar day
द्वितीया:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तिथिनाम (name of lunar day)
चand
च:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय (conjunction)
अष्टमीthe 8th lunar day
अष्टमी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootअष्टमी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; तिथिनाम
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
Samuccaya/Prakara (समुच्चय/प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, प्रकारवाचक (adverb of manner)
Speaker

Narada

Vrata Kalpa

Vrata: Mūla (pitṛtṛpty-artha rite); Dvitīyā-vrata; Aṣṭamī-vrata (timing rule)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: bhakti

Characters & Entities
P
Pitrs

FAQs

It links correct calendrical observance to pitṛ-tṛpti (ancestral satisfaction), teaching that dharma is fulfilled not only by intention but by proper ritual timing and rule-based performance.

While focused on ritual timing, it supports bhakti indirectly by emphasizing disciplined, scripture-aligned practice—an attitude that safeguards devotional acts from error and preserves their intended spiritual fruit.

It reflects Vedāṅga Jyotiṣa (sacred calendrics/astronomy): choosing the correct tithi condition (avoiding pūrvaviddhā) for specific observances like Dvitīyā and Aṣṭamī, and relating rites to nakṣatra-based considerations such as Mūla.

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