Shloka 57

Adhyaya 74 — King Svarashtra, the Deer-Queen’s Curse, and the Rise of Tamasa Manu

Sanskrit

सत्यास्तथान्ये सुधियः सुरूपा हरयस्तथा ।

एते देवगणास्तत्र सप्तविंशतिकाः मुने ॥

Transliteration

satyāstathānye sudhiyaḥ surūpā harayastathā / ete devagaṇāstatra saptaviṃśatikā mune

Translation

Di sana, golongan para dewa ialah Satyas, Anyas, Sudhiyas, Surūpas, dan juga Harayas. Wahai resi, bala ilahi itu berjumlah dua puluh tujuh.

Word by Word

• satyāḥ: the Satyas (a class of gods)
• satyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (in list)
• Type: Noun
• Root: satya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; देवगण-नाम (proper class name)

• tathā: also
• tathā: Samuccaya/Anvaya (समुच्चय/अन्वय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘also/likewise’

• anye: others
• anye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• sudhiyaḥ: the Sudhiyas (good-minded ones)
• sudhiyaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: su-dhi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय: सु (good) + धि (intellect) → ‘good-minded’ (as a class-name)

• surūpāḥ: the Surūpas (fair-formed ones)
• surūpāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: su-rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; कर्मधारय: सु + रूप

• harayaḥ: the Haris
• harayaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; देवगण-नाम

• tathā: also
• tathā: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘also’

• ete: these
• ete: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: etad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; demonstrative pronoun

• deva-gaṇāḥ: groups of gods
• deva-gaṇāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deva (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष: देवानां गणाः

• tatra: there
• tatra: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatra (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (locative adverb)

• saptaviṃśatikāḥ: twenty-seven (in number)
• saptaviṃśatikāḥ: Karta (कर्ता) (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sapta (प्रातिपदिक) + viṃśati (प्रातिपदिक) + ka (प्रत्यय)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; द्विगु-समास (numeral compound) meaning ‘consisting of 27’; adjective qualifying ‘deva-gaṇāḥ’

• mune: O sage
• mune: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muni (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन

Speakers

• Markandeya narrating

Key Themes

• Cosmological taxonomy
• Manvantara enumeration
• Deva classes

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Purāṇic cosmology stresses ordered plurality: many divine classes cooperate within a single age, suggesting dharma is upheld through coordinated functions.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Manvantara: listing of deva-gaṇas is a core Manvantara marker across Purāṇic literature.

What is the esoteric significance?

Named deva-classes can be interpreted as differentiated ‘powers’ (śaktis in a general sense) that manifest harmoniously when an age is properly ordered.