Shloka 3

Adhyaya 55 — Description of Jambudvipa: The Four Forests, Lakes, and Mountain Ranges Around Mount Meru; Bharata as the Karma-Bhumi

Sanskrit

अरुणोदं सरः पूर्वं मानसं दक्षिणे तथा ।

शीतोदं पश्चिमे मेरोर् महाभद्रं तथोत्तरे ॥

Transliteration

aruṇodaṁ saraḥ pūrvaṁ mānasaṁ dakṣiṇe tathā | śītodaṁ paścime meror mahābhadraṁ tathottare ||

Translation

Di sebelah timur ialah tasik Aruṇoda; di sebelah selatan juga ialah Mānasā; di sebelah barat Meru ialah Śītoda; dan di sebelah utara juga ialah Mahābhadra.

Word by Word

• अरुणोदम्: Aruṇoda (lake)
• अरुणोदम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अरुणोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; Nom./Acc. sg. (name of a lake)

• सरः: lake
• सरः: सम्बन्ध (Apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; Nom./Acc. sg.

• पूर्वम्: in the east
• पूर्वम्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय; directional adverb

• मानसम्: Mānasa (lake)
• मानसम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मानस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; Nom./Acc. sg. (name)

• दक्षिणे: in the south
• दक्षिणे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दक्षिण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; Loc. sg.

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘likewise’

• शीतोदम्: Śītoda (lake)
• शीतोदम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शीतोद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; Nom./Acc. sg. (name)

• पश्चिमे: in the west
• पश्चिमे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पश्चिम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; Loc. sg.

• मेरोः: of Meru
• मेरोः: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मेरु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; Gen. sg.

• महाभद्रम्: Mahābhadra (lake)
• महाभद्रम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभद्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; Nom./Acc. sg. (name); समास: महत् भद्रम् (कर्मधारय)

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: सम्बन्ध (Connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; ‘likewise’

• उत्तरे: in the north
• उत्तरे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: उत्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; Loc. sg.

Speakers

• Mārkaṇḍeya (narrating)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sacred Geography
• Directional Cosmology
• Pilgrimage Imagery

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Lakes signify sustenance and clarity; the mapped presence of ‘waters’ in every direction hints that nourishment (physical and contemplative) should be sought in a balanced, all-sided way.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sthāna: cataloguing sacred hydrography around Meru.

What is the esoteric significance?

The four lakes can symbolize four ‘reservoirs’ of inner purity—cooling, stabilizing forces that surround the central axis (Meru) of awakened awareness.