Shloka 30

Adhyaya 48 — The Emanation of Beings from Brahma: Night, Day, Twilight, and the Orders of Creation

Sanskrit

श्वापदं द्विखुरं हस्ती वानराः पक्षिपञ्चमाः ।

औदकाः पशवः षष्ठाः सप्तमास्तु सरीसृपाः ॥

Transliteration

śvāpadaṃ dvikhuraṃ hastī vānarāḥ pakṣipañcamāḥ | audakāḥ paśavaḥ ṣaṣṭhāḥ saptamās tu sarīsṛpāḥ ||

Translation

Binatang pemangsa, haiwan berkuku belah, gajah, dan monyet—burung sebagai golongan kelima; makhluk akuatik sebagai golongan keenam; dan golongan ketujuh ialah yang melata/merayap (reptilia).

Word by Word

• श्वापदम्: beast of prey/wild animal
• श्वापदम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्वापद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (जातिवाचक-सामान्य)

• द्वि-खुरम्: the two-hoofed (animals)
• द्वि-खुरम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वि (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + खुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समास (two-hoofed class)

• हस्ती: elephant
• हस्ती: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हस्तिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• वानराः: monkeys
• वानराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• पक्षि-पञ्चमाः: (the) fifth (class): birds
• पक्षि-पञ्चमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक) + पञ्चम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (‘fifth: birds’)

• औदकाः: aquatic
• औदकाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: औदक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; विशेषणम्

• पशवः: animals
• पशवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पशु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

• षष्ठाः: sixth
• षष्ठाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: षष्ठ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (‘sixth’)

• सप्तमाः: seventh
• सप्तमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सप्तम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; क्रमवाचक-विशेषण (‘seventh’)

• तु: and/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: अन्वय/विरोध-निपात (particle)

• सरीसृपाः: reptiles/creeping creatures
• सरीसृपाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सरीसृप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन

Speakers

• Narratorial cosmology within Markandeya Purana’s discourse frame (exact speaker depends on edition’s framing dialogue)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Taxonomy
• Animal classification
• Ecological domains (land/water/air)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The grouping recognizes ecological niches (air/water/land) and behavioral types, implying dharma includes understanding the natural order rather than treating life as undifferentiated resource.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: classificatory cosmology—organizing the created world into intelligible categories.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘seven’ grouping can be read as a symbolic completeness: instincts (predators), groundedness (hoofed), power (elephant), restlessness (monkey), aspiration (bird), depth (aquatic), and latent fear/desire (reptilian).