Shloka 31

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

पुरुषाधिष्ठितं नित्यमनित्यमिव च स्थितम् ।

तच्छ्रूयतां महाभाग ! परमॆण समाधिना ॥

Transliteration

puruṣādhiṣṭhitaṃ nityam anityam iva ca sthitam |

tac chrūyatāṃ mahābhāga! parameṇa samādhinā ||

Translation

Walaupun ia kekal abadi dan berada di bawah pemerintahan Puruṣa, ia tampak seolah-olah tidak kekal. Dengarlah akan hal itu, wahai insan mulia, dengan tumpuan (samādhi) yang tertinggi.

Word by Word

• पुरुष-अधिष्ठितम्: presided over by Puruṣa
• पुरुष-अधिष्ठितम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पुरुष (प्रातिपदिक) + अधिष्ठित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष): ‘पुरुषेण अधिष्ठितम्’ (presided over by Puruṣa); अधिष्ठित = अधि-स्था (धातु) क्त

• नित्यम्: eternal
• नित्यम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• अनित्यम्: non-eternal
• अनित्यम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनित्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• इव: as if/like
• इव: सम्बन्ध/उपमान (Upamā/उपमा)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमा-अव्यय (particle of comparison)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Samuccaya/समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• स्थितम्: abiding/standing
• स्थितम्: विशेषण (Viśeṣaṇa/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स्था (धातु) → स्थित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त): ‘standing/remaining’

• तत्: that (teaching/that matter)
• तत्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• श्रूयताम्: let it be heard
• श्रूयताम्: विधेय/क्रिया (Kriyā/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: श्रु (धातु)
• Form: लोट् (imperative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive): ‘let it be heard’

• महाभाग: O fortunate one
• महाभाग: सम्बोधन (Sambodhana/सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: महाभाग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन; बहुव्रीहि: ‘महान् भागः यस्य’

• परमेण: by the supreme
• परमेण: करण (Karaṇa/करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; ‘supreme’ (instrumental)

• समाधिना: by concentration/absorption
• समाधिना: करण (Karaṇa/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: समाधि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन

Speakers

• Narrator-speaker to listener (mahābhāga)
• continuing doctrinal setup

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Puruṣa (metaphysical principle)

Key Themes

• Puruṣa–Prakṛti framework
• Apparent impermanence
• Contemplative listening
• Metaphysics of appearance

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The verse teaches discernment between what is (nitya) and what seems (anitya-iva): ethical steadiness arises when one recognizes the ground of consciousness behind changing phenomena.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga/Pratisarga with philosophical gloss: it interprets cosmological process through the lens of appearance and the presiding Puruṣa.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘as if impermanent’ points to māyā-like appearance: the eternal ground (puruṣa-supported) is veiled by transformations, and ‘supreme samādhi’ is the means to see through the veil.