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Shloka 54

Adhyāya 55: Pārtha–Rādheya Saṃvāda and Tactical Exchange

Chapter 55

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्याभारत विराटपर्वके अन्तर्गत गोहरणपर्वमें उत्तरगोग्रहके समय कर्णका युद्ध पलायनविषयक चौवनवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ

iti prakāraṃ śrīmahābhārate virāṭaparvaṇi antar-gata-goharaṇaparvaṇi uttaragograha-samaye karṇasya yuddha-palāyana-viṣayakaś catuḥpañcāśattamo 'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ | yastu nīlānusāreṇa pañcatāreṇa ketunā | hastāvāpī bṛhaddhanvā rathe tiṣṭhati vīryavān |

Vaiśaṃpāyana berkata: “Demikianlah berakhir bab kelima puluh empat dalam episod Goharaṇa di bawah Virāṭa Parva, yang mengisahkan pengunduran Karṇa dari pertempuran pada saat perampasan lembu yang melibatkan Uttara. Kini, pahlawan perkasa yang berdiri di atas keretanya—bertanda panji biru dengan lambang lima bintang—memakai pelindung tangan, menggenggam busur besar, bersinar dengan standar berhias lambang langit, payung putih terang di atas kepala, serta zirah dan ketopong emas yang memancar seperti matahari dan bulan—dialah Bhīṣma, terunggul antara para kesatria kereta, datuk kepada kita semua, putera Śāntanu. Namun, walau dikurniai kemegahan diraja, dia tetap berada di bawah perintah Duryodhana; maka hal itu menekan hati dengan dukacita, menampakkan ketegangan antara kebajikan peribadi dan kesetiaan kepada pihak yang tidak benar.”

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
नीलानुसारेणwith/according to the blue (marking/stripe)
नीलानुसारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनीलानुसार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
पञ्चतारेणwith the five-star(-marked)
पञ्चतारेण:
Karana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपञ्चतार
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
केतुनाwith a banner/standard
केतुना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हस्तावापीwearing hand-guards/gloves
हस्तावापी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootहस्तावापिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बृहद्धन्वाhaving a great bow
बृहद्धन्वा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबृहद्धन्वन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथेin/on the chariot
रथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तिष्ठतिstands/remains
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
वीर्यवान्valorous/powerful
वीर्यवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवीर्यवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
M
Mahābhārata
V
Virāṭa Parva
G
Goharaṇa Parva (cattle-seizure episode)
U
Uttara
K
Karṇa
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śāntanu
D
Duryodhana
C
chariot (ratha)
B
banner/standard (ketu)
W
white parasol (chatra)
G
golden armor (kavaca)
H
helmet (śirastāṇa/śirastrāṇa)

Educational Q&A

The passage highlights the ethical strain when a virtuous, illustrious elder (Bhīṣma) remains bound by allegiance and political obligation to a flawed ruler (Duryodhana). It invites reflection on dharma: whether duty to a throne or vow can justify serving an unrighteous cause, and how such service can become a source of sorrow even when performed with discipline and honor.

This is a chapter-colophon and transition: it closes the chapter describing Karṇa’s retreat during the cattle-raid conflict involving Uttara, then begins a vivid identification of the mighty chariot-warrior—Bhīṣma—describing his banner, weapons, and regal insignia, and commenting on the poignancy that he fights under Duryodhana’s command.