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Shloka 42

Agni’s Withdrawal to the Forest and Identification with Āṅgirasa (अग्न्याङ्गिरस-इतिहासः)

बहुधा दृश्यते धर्म: सूक्ष्म एव द्विजोत्तम । भवानपि च धर्मज्ञ: स्वाध्यायनिरत: शुचि:,द्विजश्रेष्ठ! बहुधा धर्मका स्वरूप सूक्ष्म ही देखा जाता है। तुम भी धर्मज्ञ, स्वाध्यायपरायण और पवित्र हो

bahudhā dṛśyate dharmaḥ sūkṣma eva dvijottama | bhavān api ca dharmajñaḥ svādhyāyanirataḥ śuciḥ ||

“Wahai yang terbaik antara yang dua kali lahir, dharma terlihat dalam pelbagai cara, dan sesungguhnya ia halus. Engkau juga seorang yang mengetahui dharma—tekun dalam swādhyāya (pengajian suci) dan suci batin.”

बहुधाin many ways / often
बहुधा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबहुधा
FormAvyaya (adverb)
दृश्यतेis seen / appears
दृश्यते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormPresent tense (Lat), 3rd person, singular, Atmanepada; passive sense: 'is seen'
धर्मःdharma / righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, nominative, singular
सूक्ष्मःsubtle
सूक्ष्मः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with धर्मः)
एवindeed / only
एव:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
FormAvyaya (emphatic particle)
द्विजोत्तमO best of the twice-born (brahmin)
द्विजोत्तम:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
FormMasculine, vocative, singular
भवान्you (honored sir)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (honorific 'you')
अपिalso / even
अपि:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
FormAvyaya (particle)
and
:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Root
FormAvyaya (conjunction)
धर्मज्ञःknower of dharma
धर्मज्ञः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with भवान्)
स्वाध्यायनिरतःdevoted to self-study (Vedic recitation)
स्वाध्यायनिरतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वाध्यायनिरत
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with भवान्)
शुचिःpure
शुचिः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुचि
FormMasculine, nominative, singular (agreeing with भवान्)

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (speaker)
D
dvijottama (addressed Brahmin)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is not always obvious; it can appear in multiple forms and is subtle to judge. Therefore, discernment grounded in learning (svādhyāya), purity, and ethical understanding is essential when deciding what is right.

A Brahmin speaker addresses another respected Brahmin, acknowledging his learning and purity, and frames the discussion by emphasizing that dharma is complex and subtle—setting up or supporting a moral inquiry or decision.