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Shloka 40

Agni’s Withdrawal to the Forest and Identification with Āṅgirasa (अग्न्याङ्गिरस-इतिहासः)

सत्यार्जवे धर्ममाहु: परं धर्मविदो जना:,धर्मज्ञ पुरुष सत्य और सरलताको सर्वोत्तम धर्म बताते हैं। सनातनधर्मके स्वरूपको जानना तो अत्यन्त कठिन है, परंतु वह सत्यमें प्रतिष्ठित है। जो वेदोंके द्वारा प्रमाणित हो, वही धर्म है--यह वृद्ध पुरुषोंका उपदेश है

satyārjave dharmam āhuḥ paraṃ dharmavido janāḥ | dharmajña puruṣāḥ satyaṃ ca ārjavaṃ ca śreṣṭhatamaṃ dharmam vadanti | sanātanadharmasya svarūpaṃ jñātuṃ tu atyantaṃ kaṭhinam, kintu sa satye pratiṣṭhitaḥ | yad vedaiḥ pramāṇitaṃ tad eva dharmaḥ—iti vṛddhapuruṣāṇām upadeśaḥ |

Brahmana itu berkata: “Mereka yang benar-benar mengetahui dharma menyatakan bahawa kebenaran dan kelurusan hati adalah dharma yang tertinggi. Hakikat Sanātana-dharma (dharma yang kekal) amat sukar difahami, namun ia teguh berakar pada kebenaran. Hanya apa yang disahkan oleh Veda itulah dharma—demikian ajaran para tua-tua.”

सत्यtruth
सत्य:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आर्जवेin straightforwardness/rectitude
आर्जवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआर्जव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma, righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहुःthey say/call
आहुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (ब्रू/अह् “to say”)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
परम्supreme, highest
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्मविदःknowers of dharma
धर्मविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (Brāhmaṇa speaker)
वेद (Veda)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that truthfulness (satya) and straightforwardness (ārjava) are regarded by dharma-knowers as the highest form of dharma, and that genuine dharma is what is validated by Vedic authority, with truth as its foundation.

A brāhmaṇa is instructing the listener(s) on the nature of dharma, emphasizing practical virtues—truth and sincerity—while also grounding the definition of dharma in what the Vedas प्रमाणित (authorize).