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Shloka 296

Dharma-vyādha’s Analysis of Moral Decline and the Mahābhūta–Guṇa Schema (धर्मव्याधोपदेशः)

न तारयति दातार ब्राह्मणं नैव नैव तु । एक गौ एक ही ब्राह्मणको देनी चाहिये; बहुतोंको कभी नहीं (क्योंकि एक ही गौ यदि बहुतोंको दी गयी, तो वे उसे बेचकर उसकी कीमत बाँट लेंगे)। दान की हुई गौ यदि बेच दी गयी, तो वह दाताकी तीन पीढ़ियोंको हानि पहुँचाती है। वह न तो दाताको ही पार उतारती है न ब्राह्मणको ही

na tārayati dātāraṁ brāhmaṇaṁ naiva naiva tu |

Mārkaṇḍeya berkata: “Pemberian seperti itu tidak menyeberangkan—baik si pemberi mahupun Brahmana penerima—kepada pahala rohani; sama sekali tidak.” Dalam konteksnya, baginda mengingatkan bahawa seekor lembu hendaklah didermakan kepada seorang Brahmana sahaja, bukan dibahagi kepada ramai; jika lembu yang didermakan dijual lalu harganya dibahagi-bahagikan, kesucian niat dan darma pemberian itu lenyap, bahkan membawa mudarat kepada keturunan si penderma hingga tiga generasi.

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तारयतिsaves, ferries across
तारयति:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (तारयति—णिच्)
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
दातारम्the giver (donor)
दातारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणम्the Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut, however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु

मार्कण्डेय उवाच

M
Mārkaṇḍeya
B
brāhmaṇa (Brahmin)
D
dātṛ (donor)
G
go (cow) (implied by the surrounding passage)

Educational Q&A

A gift must be given in a dharmic manner to yield merit. If a cow-gift is handled improperly—such as being effectively converted into shared cash by selling it—then it fails to ‘save’ either donor or recipient and can even bring harm to the donor’s lineage.

Mārkaṇḍeya is instructing on dāna-dharma (the right way to give). He emphasizes that certain gifts, especially a cow, should be given intact to a single qualified Brahmin; otherwise the act loses its sacred purpose and becomes ethically flawed.