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Shloka 22

Dyūta-doṣa-prakāśana — Kṛṣṇa’s Critique of Gambling and the Exile Crisis

एतत्‌ कार्य महाबाहो येनाहं नागमं तदा । श्रुत्वैव हास्तिनपुरं द्यूतं चाविनयोत्थितम्‌ । ट्रुतमागतवान्‌ युष्मान्‌ द्रष्टकाम: सुदु:ःखितान्‌,महाबाहो! यही कार्य उपस्थित हो गया था, जिससे मैं उस समय न आ सका। लौटनेपर ज्यों ही सुना कि हस्तिनापुरमें दुर्योधनकी उद्दण्डताके कारण जूआ खेला गया (और पाण्डव उसमें सब कुछ हारकर वनको चले गये); तब अत्यन्त दुःखमें पड़े हुए आपलोगोंको देखनेके लिये मैं तुरंत यहाँ चला आया

etat kāryaṃ mahābāho yenāhaṃ nāgamaṃ tadā | śrutvaiva hāstinapuraṃ dyūtaṃ cāvinayotthitam | tvaritam āgatavān yuṣmān draṣṭukāmaḥ suduḥkhitān ||

Wahai yang berlengan perkasa, inilah tugas mendesak yang menyebabkan aku tidak dapat datang pada waktu itu. Namun sebaik sahaja aku mendengar bahawa di Hāstinapura telah tercetus permainan dadu yang lahir daripada keangkuhan, aku segera bergegas ke sini—ingin melihat kamu semua yang telah tenggelam dalam dukacita yang amat dalam.

एतत्this (thing)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कार्यम्task, matter to be done
कार्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
येनby which, because of which
येन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
FormNominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अगमम्I went / I came
अगमम्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Parasmaipada (usage)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
हास्तिनपुरम्Hastinapura
हास्तिनपुरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहास्तिनपुर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
द्यूतम्dice-game, gambling
द्यूतम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्यूत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अविनय-उत्थितम्arisen from misconduct/insolence
अविनय-उत्थितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootअविनयोत्थित
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुरितम्quickly, at once
तुरितम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतुरित
आगतवान्having come, came
आगतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम्
Formक्तवत् (past active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
युष्मान्you (all)
युष्मान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Plural
द्रष्टुकामःwishing to see
द्रष्टुकामः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्रष्टुकाम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सुदुःखितान्very sorrowful
सुदुःखितान्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुःखित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

श्रीकृष्ण उवाच

Ś
Śrī Kṛṣṇa
P
Pāṇḍavas (addressed as 'yuṣmān')
H
Hāstinapura
D
dyūta (dice-game)
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'avinaya', and explicit in the Hindi gloss)

Educational Q&A

That adharma often begins with avinaya (arrogant lack of restraint) and manifests in unethical acts like gambling; such actions bring widespread suffering, and a dharmic ally feels obligated to respond swiftly when injustice is heard.

Kṛṣṇa explains why he could not come earlier; upon hearing that a dice-game in Hāstinapura—driven by insolence—had led to the Pāṇḍavas’ ruin and sorrow, he hurried to meet them in their distressed state.