Shloka 47
Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 71 — Kṣatra-dharma Counsel, Public Legitimacy, and Mobilization
शूद्र: करोति शुश्रूषां वैश्या वै पण्यजीविका: । वयं वधेन जीवाम: कपाल ब्राह्मुणैर्व॒तम्,शूद्र सेवाका कार्य करता है, वैश्य व्यापारसे जीविका चलाते हैं, हम क्षत्रिय युद्धमें दूसरोंका वध करके जीवन-निर्वाह करते हैं और ब्राह्मणोंने अपनी जीविकाके लिये भिक्षापात्र चुन लिया है
śūdraḥ karoti śuśrūṣāṃ vaiśyā vai paṇyajīvikāḥ | vayaṃ vadhena jīvāmaḥ kapālaṃ brāhmaṇair vratam ||
Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Śūdra hidup dengan berkhidmat; Vaiśya hidup dengan berniaga. Kita, para kṣatriya, menyara diri dengan membunuh orang lain di medan perang; dan para Brāhmaṇa telah memilih mangkuk sedekah sebagai ikrar jalan hidup mereka.”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames livelihood as aligned with varṇa-based duties: service for Śūdras, commerce for Vaiśyas, protection/war for Kṣatriyas (even when it entails killing), and austere dependence (begging-bowl) for Brāhmaṇas. It highlights how dharma is often discussed in terms of socially assigned responsibilities and disciplined restraint.
In Udyoga Parva’s pre-war deliberations, Yudhiṣṭhira reflects on the customary means of livelihood for the four varṇas. His statement underscores the moral tension of impending conflict by explicitly naming the Kṣatriya’s harsh vocation—living by battle and killing—alongside the contrasting austerity attributed to Brāhmaṇas.