Shloka 20

तदा हाभीक्ष्णं सुबहून्‌ प्रकारान्‌ श्रोतास्मि तानावसथे कुरूणाम्‌ | तेषां समन्ताच्च तथा रणाग्रे क्षय: किलायं भरतानुपैति,उस समय मैं महलोंमें बैठा हुआ बार-बार कौरवोंकी विविध अवस्थाओंकी कथा सुनता रहूँगा। अहो! युद्धके मुहानेपर निश्चय ही सब ओरसे यह भरतवंशका विनाश आ पहुँचा है

tadā hābhīkṣṇaṁ subahūn prakārān śrotāsmi tān āvasathe kurūṇām | teṣāṁ samantāc ca tathā raṇāgre kṣayaḥ kilāyaṁ bharatānupaiti ||

Kemudian, duduk di dalam istana, aku akan berulang kali terpaksa mendengar, dalam pelbagai cara, khabar tentang para putera Kuru dan keadaan mereka yang berubah-ubah. Aduhai—di ambang perang ini, dari segala penjuru, kebinasaan garis Bharata benar-benar telah mendekat.

तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
हाalas!
हा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहा
अभीक्ष्णम्again and again, repeatedly
अभीक्ष्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअभीक्ष्ण
सुबहून्very many
सुबहून्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसुबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
प्रकारान्kinds, ways, varieties
प्रकारान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
श्रोतास्मिI shall hear
श्रोतास्मि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormPeriphrastic Future (Lुट्), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
तान्those
तान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आवसथेin the residence/dwelling (hall, palace)
आवसथे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootआवसथ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कुरूणाम्of the Kurus
कुरूणाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
समन्तात्on all sides, from every side
समन्तात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्तात्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तथाthus, likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
रणाग्रेat the forefront of battle
रणाग्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरणाग्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
क्षयःdestruction, ruin
क्षयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किलindeed, it is said
किल:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिल
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भरतान्the Bharatas (descendants of Bharata)
भरतान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभरत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उपैतिapproaches, comes upon
उपैति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Kuru(s)
B
Bharata(s)
Ā
āvasatha (palace/residence)
R
raṇa (battle)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the moral weight of impending war: when conflict is allowed to ripen, even those who remain in comfort (the palace) cannot escape its consequences, and an entire lineage may be driven toward ruin.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra, anxious and sorrowful, anticipates that he will sit in the palace hearing repeated reports about the Kurus, while sensing that the annihilation of the Bharata line is approaching on all sides as the battle draws near.