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Shloka 1

Vidura-nīti: Atithi-dharma, Trust, Counsel-Secrecy, and Traits of Sustainable Rule

Udyoga Parva, Adhyāya 38

पम्प बछ। अर: - मिट्टी और गोबरको मिलाकर कच्चे घरोंको जो लीपा-पोता जाता है, उससे बचे हुए व्यर्थ लोंदेको “लोष्ट' कहते हैं। एकोनचत्वारिशोड ध्याय: धृतराष्ट्रके प्रति विदुरजीका नीतियुक्त उपदेश धृतराष्ट्र रवाच अनीश्वरो<यं पुरुषो भवाभवे सूत्रप्रोता दारुमयीव योषा । धात्रा तु दिष्टस्य वशे कृतो<यं तस्माद्‌ वद त्वं श्रवणे धृतो5हम्‌,धृतराष्ट्रने कहा--विदुर! यह पुरुष ऐश्वर्यकी प्राप्ति और नाशमें स्वतन्त्र नहीं है। ब्रह्माने धागेसे बँधी हुई कठपुतलीकी भाँति इसे प्रारब्धके अधीन कर रखा है; इसलिये तुम कहते चलो, मैं सुननेके लिये धैर्य धारण किये बैठा हूँ

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | anīśvaro 'yaṃ puruṣo bhavābhave sūtra-protaḥ dāru-mayīva yoṣā | dhātrā tu diṣṭasya vaśe kṛto 'yaṃ tasmād vada tvaṃ śravaṇe dhṛto 'ham ||

Dhṛtarāṣṭra berkata: “Wahai Vidura, manusia ini tidak berkuasa atas dirinya, baik dalam kemakmuran mahupun dalam kebinasaan. Seperti boneka kayu yang diikat pada benang, Sang Pencipta telah menundukkannya di bawah kuasa takdir yang telah ditetapkan. Maka, teruskanlah berkata—aku duduk teguh, bersedia mendengar.”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनीश्वरःnot independent, powerless
अनीश्वरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनीश्वर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःperson, man
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवin becoming/existence (birth)
भव:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अभवेin non-becoming/non-existence (death/cessation)
अभवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूत्रप्रोतःthread-strung, tied by a string
सूत्रप्रोतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसूत्र-प्रोत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दारुमयीmade of wood
दारुमयी:
TypeAdjective
Rootदारुमयी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
योषाwoman; (here) puppet/doll (figuratively)
योषा:
TypeNoun
Rootयोषा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
धात्राby the Creator/Ordainer
धात्रा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootधातृ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
तुbut, indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
दिष्टस्यof what is ordained; of destiny
दिष्टस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootदिष्ट
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
वशेunder the control
वशे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवश
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
कृतःmade, placed
कृतः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootकृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
वदspeak, tell
वद:
TypeVerb
Rootवद्
FormImperative, 2, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
श्रवणेin listening; for hearing
श्रवणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्रवण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धृतःheld, maintained (i.e., having assumed)
धृतः:
TypeAdjective
Rootधृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormNominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
V
Vidura
D
Dhātṛ (the Creator/Ordainer)
S
sūtra (thread)
D
dāru-mayī yoṣā (wooden puppet/doll)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames human life as constrained by what is ‘allotted’ (diṣṭa), comparing a person to a puppet moved by an external ordainer. Ethically, it sets the stage for Vidura’s nīti: even if destiny is invoked, a ruler must still hear counsel and act with discernment rather than using fate as an excuse for adharma.

At the opening of this section of Vidura’s counsel, Dhṛtarāṣṭra addresses Vidura and invites him to speak. He expresses a deterministic view—humans are not independent in success or failure—and then declares his readiness to listen, introducing the forthcoming moral and political instruction.