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Shloka 7

उद्योगपर्व — विदुरनीतिः (Adhyāya 37): आयुःक्षयहेतवः, नीतिसूत्राणि, बलभेदाः, पाण्डव-विग्रहदोषदर्शनम्

नीवारमूलेड्गुदशाक वृत्ति: सुसंयतात्माग्निकार्येषु चोद्य: । वने वसन्नतिथिष्वप्रमत्तो धुरन्धर: पुण्यकृदेष तापस:

nīvāramūleṅgudaśāka-vṛttiḥ susaṁyatātmāgnikāryeṣu codyaḥ | vane vasann atithiṣv apramatto dhurandharaḥ puṇyakṛd eṣa tāpasaḥ ||

Vidura menggambarkan pertapa penghuni rimba (vānaprastha) yang ideal: yang menyara diri dengan padi liar, akar dan umbisi, buah pokok iṅgudī, serta sayur-sayuran sederhana; yang menundukkan minda dan tekun dalam upacara api suci; yang walau tinggal di hutan tetap sentiasa berjaga dalam kewajipan melayani tetamu. Pemikul tanggungjawab demikian benar-benar pembuat kebajikan dan dipandang sebagai tapasvin yang unggul.

नीवारमूलैःwith wild-rice roots/tubers
नीवारमूलैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनीवार-मूल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
इङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिःone whose livelihood is (from) ingudī-fruit and greens
इङ्गुदशाकवृत्तिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइङ्गुद-शाक-वृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुसंयतात्माhaving well-controlled self
सुसंयतात्मा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुसंयत-आत्मन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्निकार्येषुin the fire-ritual duties
अग्निकार्येषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि-कार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उद्यःdiligent/active
उद्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वसन्dwelling (living)
वसन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवस् (धातु)
FormPresent (vartamana), Present active participle (parasmaipada), nominative masculine singular
अतिथिषुtowards/with regard to guests
अतिथिषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअतिथि
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
अप्रमत्तःunheedless-free, vigilant
अप्रमत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअ-प्रमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धुरन्धरःcapable, bearing responsibilities
धुरन्धरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधुरन्धर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुण्यकृत्doer of merit, virtuous
पुण्यकृत्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य-कृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis (person)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तापसःascetic, forest-dweller
तापसः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतापस
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

विदुर उवाच

V
Vidura
A
agni (sacred fire)
A
atithi (guest)
F
forest (vana)
N
nīvāra (wild rice)
M
mūla (roots/tubers)
I
iṅgudī (tree/fruit)
Ś
śāka (greens)

Educational Q&A

True ascetic excellence is not mere withdrawal but disciplined living: simple subsistence, mastery of mind, faithful performance of sacred duties, and vigilant hospitality to guests—dharma upheld even in the forest.

Vidura is instructing on righteous conduct by defining the marks of an exemplary forest-dweller (vānaprastha/tapasvin), emphasizing restraint, ritual responsibility, and unwavering attentiveness to atithi-sevā.