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Shloka 39

Udyoga-parva Adhyāya 28: Dharmādharmalakṣaṇa in Āpad

Crisis-Discernment of Right and Wrong

दुःशासन: प्रातिलोम्यान्निनाय सभामध्ये श्वशुराणां च कृष्णाम्‌ । सा तत्र नीता करुणं व्यपेक्ष्य नानय॑ क्षत्तु्नाथमवाप किंचित्‌,दुःशासन मर्यादाके विपरीत द्रौपदीको सभाके भीतर श्वशुरजनोंके समक्ष घसीट ले गया। द्रौपदीने वहाँ जाकर कातरभावसे चारों ओर करुणदृष्टि डाली, परंतु उसने वहाँ विदुरजीके सिवा और किसीको अपना रक्षक नहीं पाया

Duḥśāsanaḥ prātilomyān nināya sabhāmadhye śvaśurāṇāṃ ca kṛṣṇām | sā tatra nītā karuṇaṃ vyapekṣya nānayak kṣattur nātham avāpa kiñcit ||

Duḥśāsana, dengan melanggar adab dan tertib yang benar, menyeret Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī) ke dalam dewan perhimpunan, di hadapan para tua dan kaum kerabat sebelah suami. Setelah dibawa ke sana, dia memandang sekeliling dengan sayu, mencari belas kasihan dan perlindungan; namun di balairung itu dia tidak menemui tempat berlindung yang sejati pada sesiapa—kecuali Vidura, sang kṣattṛ (penasihat diraja).

दुःशासनःDuhshasana
दुःशासनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःशासन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रातिलोम्यात्from (her) hair (by pulling)
प्रातिलोम्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रातिलोम्य
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
निनायled, dragged
निनाय:
TypeVerb
Rootनी
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
सभाin the assembly
सभा:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसभा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मध्येin the middle
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
श्वशुराणाम्of the fathers-in-law / elders by marriage
श्वशुराणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootश्वशुर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कृष्णाम्Krishna (Draupadi)
कृष्णाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्णा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
नीताhaving been led
नीता:
TypeAdjective
Rootनी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
करुणम्pitiably, with compassion (pitiable look)
करुणम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकरुण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यपेक्ष्यhaving looked around / having glanced
व्यपेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + अपेक्ष्
Formktvā/lyap (absolutive), Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्यत्anything else
अन्यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअन्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षत्तुःof the chamberlain (Vidura)
क्षत्तुः:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्तृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
नाथम्protector, lord
नाथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनाथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अवापfound, obtained
अवाप:
TypeVerb
Rootआप्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
किञ्चित्any, at all
किञ्चित्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिञ्चित्

वायुदेव उवाच

D
Duḥśāsana
K
Kṛṣṇā (Draupadī)
V
Vidura (kṣattṛ)
S
Sabhā (royal assembly hall)
Ś
Śvaśura (in-laws/elders)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights prātilomya—an act that overturns moral and social order—as a hallmark of adharma. It also condemns the court’s failure to protect the vulnerable: when power and elders remain silent before injustice, only the truly dhārmic (here, Vidura) stands as refuge.

Duḥśāsana forcibly brings Draupadī (Kṛṣṇā) into the royal assembly in front of her in-laws and elders. She looks around in distress for someone to defend her, but finds no protector there except Vidura, the kṣattṛ and moral voice of the court.